Synthesis of the zirconium dioxide activated carbon–based heterogeneous acid catalyst to catalyze esterification for biodiesel production with molecular simulation

Li, Ying; Tang, Xincheng; Niu, Shengli; Wang, Yongzheng; Han, Kuihua; Lu, Chunmei

doi:10.1007/s13399-021-02105-5

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The catalyst amount (wt%) taken corresponds to the oleic acid molar mass that has been taken in the esterification reaction. It could be different for different types of acids, but the common thing is that a specific amount of catalyst is required to catalyze the esterification of oleic acid 152 . A very low catalyst loading of SPAC does not result in the complete conversion of oleic acid; thus, the esterification efficiency decreases.…”

Section: Effect Of Reaction Parameters On Biodiesel Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It could be different for different types of acids, but the common thing is that a specific amount of catalyst is required to catalyze the esterification of oleic acid. 152 A very low catalyst loading of SPAC does not result in the complete conversion of oleic acid; thus, the esterification efficiency decreases. Low catalyst loading provides insufficient acid sites to catalyze the reaction.…”

Section: Influence Of Catalyst Amountmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomass‐derived sulfonated polycyclic aromatic carbon catalysts for biodiesel production by esterification reaction

Yadav

Ahmaruzzaman

2023

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Sulfonated polycyclic aromatic carbon (SPAC) catalysts have specific surface characteristics owing to the presence of two types of functional groups: SO3H (sulfonic) and oxygen‐containing functional groups (COOH and OH groups). Oxygen‐containing functional groups provide a synergistic effect to the sulfonic group, resulting in a high total acid density and enhanced catalytic activity of SPAC. Owing to the high acid density, SPAC catalysts are used for various applications such as organic transformations, electrocatalysis and water treatment. The natural abundance of raw materials, easy processing for catalyst fabrication, excellent catalytic performance and high thermal and chemical stability make SPAC cost‐effective and environmentally benign. Biomass‐derived heterogeneous catalysts possess unique surface characteristics, high reusability and low cost owing to their easy accessibility, along with various environmental benefits. This review demonstrates biodiesel production using oleic acid as a feedstock material catalyzed by biomass‐derived SPAC catalysts. Additionally, various parameters such as catalyst synthetic parameters, esterification reaction parameters, the esterification reaction mechanism and catalytic stability, which affect the catalytic performance and esterification efficacy, are discussed. Finally, the future scope for developing novel SPAC catalysts has been demonstrated for young researchers in this field.

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Section: Effect Of Reaction Parameters On Biodiesel Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Influence Of Catalyst Amountmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass‐derived sulfonated polycyclic aromatic carbon catalysts for biodiesel production by esterification reaction

Yadav

Ahmaruzzaman

2023

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Advancements in the application of metal oxide nanocatalysts for sustainable biodiesel production

Awogbemi,

Ojo,

Adeleye

2024

Discov Appl Sci

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The growing population and the unpalatable ecological impact of exploration and utilization of fossil-based fuels have resulted in increased demand for biofuel as an alternative fuel for engines and power generation. The global demand for biodiesel, a prominent member of the biofuels family, has continued to increase over the past decades with researchers devising various means to intensify cost-effective production. The use of metal oxide nanocatalysts is one of the feasible strategies to meet the increased demand for quality biodiesel. This study reviews the recent advances in the deployment of commonly used metal oxide nanoparticles such as MgO, CaO, TiO2, ZnO, and ZrO2 to accelerate sustainable biodiesel production. Converting conventional metal oxide heterogeneous catalysts into nanoparticles enhances the surface configuration, chemical and thermal stability, porosity, and crystallinity of the nanocatalysts. The deployment of metal oxide nanocatalysts hasten the transesterification reaction, reduces reaction temperature and time, and enhances biodiesel yield. Biodiesel synthesized with the aid of metal oxide nanoparticles is of impeccable quality and meets international standards. Notwithstanding the few challenges, the application of metal oxide nanoparticles as heterogeneous catalysts engenders sustainable biodiesel production and contributes to energy security. More innovative and collaborative studies are needed to reduce the ethical, economic, infrastructural, and environmental consequences of the usage of nanomaterials for sustainable biodiesel production.

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A review on acidic metal oxide-based materials towards heterogeneous catalytic biodiesel production via esterification process

Bekhradinassab,

Haghighi,

Shabani

2025

Fuel

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Synthesis of the zirconium dioxide activated carbon–based heterogeneous acid catalyst to catalyze esterification for biodiesel production with molecular simulation

Cited by 5 publications

References 46 publications

Biomass‐derived sulfonated polycyclic aromatic carbon catalysts for biodiesel production by esterification reaction

Biomass‐derived sulfonated polycyclic aromatic carbon catalysts for biodiesel production by esterification reaction

Advancements in the application of metal oxide nanocatalysts for sustainable biodiesel production

A review on acidic metal oxide-based materials towards heterogeneous catalytic biodiesel production via esterification process

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