Synthesis of the Perovskite-Type BaCe0.8Pr0.05Cu0.15O3-δ via EDTA-Citrate

Abstract

BaCeO 3 -based ceramics are ionic and electronic conductors that can be applied to oxygen sensors, solid oxide fuel cells and oxygen permeable membranes. However, the low chemical stability at high temperatures of these materials motivates studies involving doping of A and/or B sites of the perovskite structure. In this context, the present work aimed to synthesize a new BaCe 0.8 Pr 0.05 Cu 0.15 O 3-δ material using the chemical route of complexation which combines EDTA-Citrate with pH variation. The powders obtained at pH 3 or 11 and calcined up to 900 ºC are thermally unstable. The cubic perovskite BaCe 0.8 Pr 0.05 Cu 0.15 O 3-δ with crystallite size between 99.4 nm and 131.6 nm was obtained along with barium carbonate traces. In the powders calcined at 1000 ºC the pH increase decreases the amount of barium carbonate (17.3% to pH 3, 3.4% to pH 7 and 1.8% to pH 11), but increases the size of grains with irregular shapes.

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“…30 This methodology allows adjusting parameters such as heating time, heating rate, calcination temperature, initial pH of the synthesis, and ratio chelating/cations, thus, reaching nanoparticles with different morphologies, high degree of crystallinity, and stoichiometric control. [31][32][33][34] In this synthesis process, the ions in solution are homogenously dispersed within the organic matrix formed by complexing agents. 35 It allows the crystallization process to occur at lower temperatures, resulting in particles with nanometric sizes.…”

“…Citric acid acts as an auxiliary complexing agent in this synthesis process 30 . This methodology allows adjusting parameters such as heating time, heating rate, calcination temperature, initial pH of the synthesis, and ratio chelating/cations, thus, reaching nanoparticles with different morphologies, high degree of crystallinity, and stoichiometric control 31–34 . In this synthesis process, the ions in solution are homogenously dispersed within the organic matrix formed by complexing agents 35 .…”

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“…Citric acid acts as an auxiliary complexing agent in this synthesis process [44]. This methodology allows adjusting parameters such as heating time, heating rate, calcination temperature, initial pH of the synthesis, and the stoichiometric ratio chelating/cations, thus reaching nanoparticles with different morphologies, high purity, high degree of crystallinity and precise stoichiometric control [45][46][47][48]. In this synthesis process, the ions in solution are organized at an atomic level within an organic matrix formed by complexing agents [49].…”