Synthesis of the mesoglea by ectoderm and endoderm in reassembled hydra

Epp, Leonard G.; Smid, I.; Tardent, P.

doi:10.1002/jmor.1051890306

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Previously, TEM studies have provided evidence that epithelial cells on both sides send cell processes measuring 0.3–1 µm in diameter into the mesoglea and form gap junctions between them (Wood, 1961; Wood and Kuda, 1980; Wood, 1983; Haynes et al, 1968; West, 1978; Epp et al, 1986). Numerous pores on isolated mesoglea were observed on the ectoderm surface by West (1978).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thy hydra mesoglea structure has been studied by cross section examinations using light microscopy or transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (Hausman and Burnett, 1969; Wood, 1961, 1983; Haynes et al, 1968; West, 1978; Sarras et al, 1991), by tissue layer dissections using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (West, 1978; Epp et al, 1986), or by immunocytochemical staining using mesoglea-specific antibodies (Sarras et al, 1991, 1993; Zhang and Sarras, 1994; Shimizu et al, 2002). Studies on isolated mesoglea were carried out by a number of researchers and the isolated mesoglea was examined under light microscope or TEM (Shostak et al, 1965; Hausman and Burnett, 1969, 1970; Day and Lenhoff, 1981, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The extracellular matrix of hydra is a porous sheet and contains type IV collagen

Shimizu

Aufschnaiter

et al. 2008

Zoology

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Hydra, as an early diploblastic metazoan, has a well defined extracellular matrix (ECM) called-mesoglea. It is organized in a tri-laminar pattern with one centrally located interstitial matrix that contains type I collagen and two sub-epithelial zones that resemble a basal lamina containing laminin and possibly type IV collagen. This study used monoclonal antibodies to the three hydra mesoglea components (type I, type IV collagens and laminin) and immunofluorescent staining to visualize hydra mesoglea structure and the relationship between these mesoglea components. In addition, hydra mesoglea was isolated free of cells and studied with immunofluorescence and SEM. Our results show that type IV collagen co-localizes with laminin in the basal lamina whereas type I collagen forms a grid pattern of fibers in the interstitial matrix. The isolated-mesoglea can maintain its structural stability without epithelial cell attachment. Hydra mesogleais porous with multiple trans-mesoglea pores ranging from 0.5 to 1 µm in diameter and about 6 pores per 100 µm2 in density. We think these trans-mesoglea pores provide a structural base for epithelial cells on both sides to form multiple trans-mesoglea cell-cell contacts. Based on these findings, we propose a new model of hydra mesoglea structure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The extracellular matrix of hydra is a porous sheet and contains type IV collagen

Shimizu

Aufschnaiter

et al. 2008

Zoology

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“…These authors also suggested, following Simpson (1980), that BMs in higher animals may represent 'the evolutionary descendants of the freshwater coelenterate mesoglea, which possesses physical and chemical properties similar to those of mammalian basement membranes'. Also, Day & Lenhoff (1981) and Epp et al (1986) stated that the ECM, mesoglea, exists as a primitive BM in Hydra and with physical and chemical similarities to vertebrate BMs. Several basal matrices in invertebrates might be considered as analogous to primitive connective tissue systems.…”

Section: Basal Matrices and Connective Tissue Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invited Review: Structure and Composition of Basement Membranes and Other Basal Matrix Systems in Selected Invertebrates

Pedersen

1991

Acta Zoologica

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Problems concerning terminology and relationships of basement membranes to extracellular matrices (ECMs) and connective tissue systems in invertebrates are discussed, and recommendations regarding nomenclature are presented. It is suggested to use ‘basal matrix’ as a comprehensive term for various basal ECM structures, and apply the term ‘basement membrane’ (BM) for a unique ECM structure that is fully resolved only by electron microscopy and as a general and descriptive word in both light microscopy, biochemistry and electron microscopy. When possible and relevant it is recommended to apply the subdivisions: ‘lamina lucida’, ‘lamina densa’ (= ‘basal lamina’) and ‘lamina fibroreticularis’ (sometimes missing). A brief and non‐technical account of the recent concepts of BM macromolecules and their assembly is given, based on mammalian models. Basement membranes probably first appeared in cnidarians, and from then on became obligatory ECM structures. It is emphasized that this event was crucial for evolution of the multicellular state, and for construction and morphogenesis of tissues and organs. Lower worms, such as turbellarians and nemertines, display the most varied and complex basal matrices. First, in annelids, complete correlation between BM structure and composition has been demonstrated, with isolation and consecutive localization of basement‐specific molecules such as, for example, collagen IV and laminin. Both in arthropods, especially insects, and echinoderms, the introduction of modern techniques corresponding to those used in mammalian BM research has now given equally valid results. An interesting and fundamental outcome of the reviewed work on invertebrate BMs is the realization of the early evolution of BM components. Macromolecules such as laminin, collagen IV and fibronectin are highly conserved, but with fine modulations, and in lower invertebrates they may exist without being assembled into true BM structures. Laminin and fibronectin are expressed with certainty in cnidarians, and fibronectin possibly already in sponges.

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“…These are separated by an intervening ECM, which is called the mesoglea. The mesoglea has the structural and molecular organisation of basement membranes in higher animals and is synthesized by epithelial cells of both layers (Epp et al, 1986;Sarras and Deutzmann, 2001). In regularly fed polyps, epithelial cells in the body column continually undergo cell division.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo imaging of basement membrane movement: ECM patterning shapesHydrapolyps

Aufschnaiter

Zamir

Little

et al. 2011

Journal of Cell Science

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SummaryGrowth and morphogenesis during embryonic development, asexual reproduction and regeneration require extensive remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). We used the simple metazoan Hydra to examine the fate of ECM during tissue morphogenesis and asexual budding. In growing Hydra, epithelial cells constantly move towards the extremities of the animal and into outgrowing buds. It is not known, whether these tissue movements involve epithelial migration relative to the underlying matrix or whether cells and ECM are displaced as a composite structure. Furthermore, it is unclear, how the ECM is remodeled to adapt to the shape of developing buds and tentacles. To address these questions, we used a new in vivo labeling technique for Hydra collagen-1 and laminin, and tracked the fate of ECM in all body regions of the animal. Our results reveal that Hydra 'tissue movements' are largely displacements of epithelial cells together with associated ECM. By contrast, during the evagination of buds and tentacles, extensive movement of epithelial cells relative to the matrix is observed, together with local ECM remodeling. These findings provide new insights into the nature of growth and morphogenesis in epithelial tissues.

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Synthesis of the mesoglea by ectoderm and endoderm in reassembled hydra

Cited by 18 publications

References 27 publications

The extracellular matrix of hydra is a porous sheet and contains type IV collagen

The extracellular matrix of hydra is a porous sheet and contains type IV collagen

Invited Review: Structure and Composition of Basement Membranes and Other Basal Matrix Systems in Selected Invertebrates

In vivo imaging of basement membrane movement: ECM patterning shapesHydrapolyps

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