Synthesis of the glycoluril derivatives by the HZSM-5 nanozeolite as a catalyst

Abstract

In this work, we used nano-sized protonated Zeolite Socony Mobil-5 (HZSM-5) zeolite as a mild and efficient catalyst for the synthesis of tetrahydroimidazo [4,5-d]imidazole-2,5(1H,3H)dione (=glycoluril) (1) and its derivatives (2-6) through reaction between urea and dicarbonyl compound. The yield of the reactions and products were determined and discussed. The Zeolite Socony Mobil-5 (ZSM-5) nanozeolite has more reactivity in its H form. HZSM-5 was prepared by ion exchange of ZSM-5 nanozeolite with NH 4 Cl, followed by drying and calcination.

Zeolite ZSM‐5 synthesized from natural silica sources and its applications: a critical review

“…reported, for the first time, a direct synthesis of high‐silica ZSM‐5 from Ahoko Nigerian Kaolin (ANK) without the need for an external silica source 158 . After a gel aging period of 36 h at ambient temperature, the hydrothermal synthesis of ZSM‐5 was carried out in a Teflon‐lined autoclave at 140 °C for 48 h. Since 2013, the number of publications related to the synthesis of ZSM‐5 from kaolin and its applications in catalytic processes has dramatically expanded 159‐166 . Several aspects have been discussed, including the absence of an organic template, the addition of another silica/alumina source, or the absence of calcination (as a prior pretreatment of kaolin).…”

“…158 After a gel aging period of 36 h at ambient temperature, the hydrothermal synthesis of ZSM-5 was carried out in a Teflon-lined autoclave at 140 °C for 48 h. Since 2013, the number of publications related to the synthesis of ZSM-5 from kaolin and its applications in catalytic processes has dramatically expanded. [159][160][161][162][163][164][165][166] Several aspects have been discussed, including the absence of an organic template, the addition of another silica/alumina source, or the absence of calcination (as a prior pretreatment of kaolin). For instance, Wang et al 159 and Pan et al 164 focused on the organic-template free synthesis of ZSM-5, while Shen et al 160 employed kaolin as the sole Si and Al source; also, Qoniah et al 166 studied the direct synthesis of ZSM-5 without calcination of kaolin.…”

Development of high strength mortar by utilizing glycoluril‐formaldehyde as an additive

“…11 Several such polymer-modified concretes were extensively explored in the past which were successful. [12][13][14][15] Recently many polymers have been explored with cement: however, few polymers have been successful for the making of polymer modified concrete especially using urea-formaldehyde, phenol-formaldehyde, and other small molecule polymers. However, urea-formaldehyde and phenol-formaldehydes rendered good mortar/concrete materials; in which urea-formaldehyde polymers were subjected to decomposition due under moisture conditions because urea is a water-soluble product.…”

Synthesis of Zeolite Beta and Zeolite ZSM-5 from High Silica Raw Kaolinite and Their Catalytic Etherification of Ethylene Glycol

“…In addition, dealumination of metakaolinite helps in the dissolution of silicate constituent of metakaolinite in alkaline treatment employed in the next step. Apart from reported acidleaching methods [6,7,[12][13][14][15][16][17], to control the dealumination process and to weaken the aluminosilicate structure to become more susceptible for alkaline treatment.…”

“…Following that many research groups used TPA salts with TPA + cation acting as a template [9][10][11]. Synthesis of zeolite ZSM-5 with different SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio from purified kaolinite [12][13][14][15], or from high silica raw kaolinite (SiO2/ Al 2 O 3 ratio = ~3) was reported [16]. Zeolites obtained from kaolinite as mentioned in the above methods were impure and usually contaminated with unreacted metakaolinite or quartz.…”