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1D metal-oxide nanostructures have attracted much attention because metal oxides are the most fascinating functional materials. The 1D morphologies can easily enhance the unique properties of the metal-oxide nanostructures, which make them suitable for a wide variety of applications, including gas sensors, electrochromic devices, light-emitting diodes, fi eld emitters, supercapacitors, nanoelectronics, and nanogenerators. Therefore, much effort has been made to synthesize and characterize 1D metal-oxide nanostructures in the forms of nanorods, nanowires, nanotubes, nanobelts, etc. Various physical and chemical deposition techniques and growth mechanisms are exploited and developed to control the morphology, identical shape, uniform size, perfect crystalline structure, defects, and homogenous stoichiometry of the 1D metal-oxide nanostructures. Here a comprehensive review of recent developments in novel synthesis, exceptional characteristics, and prominent applications of one-dimensional nanostructures of tungsten oxides, molybdenum oxides, tantalum oxides, vanadium oxides, niobium oxides, titanium oxides, nickel oxides, zinc oxides, bismuth oxides, and tin oxides is provided. FEATURE ARTICLEpoint lower but the resistivity higher, so the thermal and chemical stability of the 1D metal-oxide nanostructures may be weakened. In other words, overheating caused by the passage of high currents through the nanodevices or nanoelectronics can easily burn the 1D metal-oxide nanostructures causing them to break. Ideally the 1D metal-oxide nanostructures used for the nanodevices or nanoelectronics are expected to be identical in shape, uniform in size, perfect in crystalline structure, and easy in taking apart, and have no morphological defects and a consistent chemical composition. However, control of the morphology, shape, size, crystalline structure, and chemical composition of the 1D metal-oxide nanostructures remains a challenge in the development of 1D controllable synthesis methods.A number of physical and chemical methods have been use to achieve the goals of identical shape, uniform size, perfect crystals, no defects, and homogenous stoichiometry in the synthesis of ideal 1D metal-oxide nanostructures. In Section 2, we introduce some of the synthesis techniques for the production of various 1D metal-oxide nanostructures, covering the theoretical and experimental aspects of recent developments, such as 1D nanostructure design, processing, modeling, and fabrication. In Section 3, we present several growth mechanisms for the growth of 1D metal-oxide nanostructures. Since such 1D nanostructures possess a highly anisotropic morphology, they preferentially grow along one particular crystalline direction to form the 1D morphology. This anisotropic growth is strongly dominated by internal and external stresses, such as easy-growth lattice-planes and template confi nement, respectively. In Section 4, we provide a comprehensive review of a variety of 1D metal-oxide nanostructures, including tungsten oxides, molybdenum oxides, ta...
1D metal-oxide nanostructures have attracted much attention because metal oxides are the most fascinating functional materials. The 1D morphologies can easily enhance the unique properties of the metal-oxide nanostructures, which make them suitable for a wide variety of applications, including gas sensors, electrochromic devices, light-emitting diodes, fi eld emitters, supercapacitors, nanoelectronics, and nanogenerators. Therefore, much effort has been made to synthesize and characterize 1D metal-oxide nanostructures in the forms of nanorods, nanowires, nanotubes, nanobelts, etc. Various physical and chemical deposition techniques and growth mechanisms are exploited and developed to control the morphology, identical shape, uniform size, perfect crystalline structure, defects, and homogenous stoichiometry of the 1D metal-oxide nanostructures. Here a comprehensive review of recent developments in novel synthesis, exceptional characteristics, and prominent applications of one-dimensional nanostructures of tungsten oxides, molybdenum oxides, tantalum oxides, vanadium oxides, niobium oxides, titanium oxides, nickel oxides, zinc oxides, bismuth oxides, and tin oxides is provided. FEATURE ARTICLEpoint lower but the resistivity higher, so the thermal and chemical stability of the 1D metal-oxide nanostructures may be weakened. In other words, overheating caused by the passage of high currents through the nanodevices or nanoelectronics can easily burn the 1D metal-oxide nanostructures causing them to break. Ideally the 1D metal-oxide nanostructures used for the nanodevices or nanoelectronics are expected to be identical in shape, uniform in size, perfect in crystalline structure, and easy in taking apart, and have no morphological defects and a consistent chemical composition. However, control of the morphology, shape, size, crystalline structure, and chemical composition of the 1D metal-oxide nanostructures remains a challenge in the development of 1D controllable synthesis methods.A number of physical and chemical methods have been use to achieve the goals of identical shape, uniform size, perfect crystals, no defects, and homogenous stoichiometry in the synthesis of ideal 1D metal-oxide nanostructures. In Section 2, we introduce some of the synthesis techniques for the production of various 1D metal-oxide nanostructures, covering the theoretical and experimental aspects of recent developments, such as 1D nanostructure design, processing, modeling, and fabrication. In Section 3, we present several growth mechanisms for the growth of 1D metal-oxide nanostructures. Since such 1D nanostructures possess a highly anisotropic morphology, they preferentially grow along one particular crystalline direction to form the 1D morphology. This anisotropic growth is strongly dominated by internal and external stresses, such as easy-growth lattice-planes and template confi nement, respectively. In Section 4, we provide a comprehensive review of a variety of 1D metal-oxide nanostructures, including tungsten oxides, molybdenum oxides, ta...
In this study we synthesized a new morphological form of tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5), one-dimensional (1D) nanorod arrays, via hot filament metal vapor deposition. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) showed the 1D Ta2O5 nanorods to be arranged in a large-area and high-density array about 20−25 nm wide and approximately 500 nm long. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis verified the presence of only the elements Ta and O. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) revealed the crystalline nature of the 1D Ta2O5 nanorods, which included the tetragonal (α) phase and orthorhombic (β) phases at a low temperature of 80 K. The XRD patterns of the 1D Ta2O5 nanorods indicated complex, polymorphic thermochromic phase transformations, which incorporate: (i) α to α (α−α); (ii) α−α−β; (iii) β to β (β−β); (iv) β to α (β−α); and (v) α−β−α phase transitions at elevated temperatures ranging from 80 to 750 K.
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