Synthesis of Surfactants

Biermann, Manfred; Lange, Frau; Piorr, R.; Ploog, U.; Rutzen, H.; Schindler, Joel; Schmid, Rolf D.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-71545-7_3

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…Approximately 10% of overall AE production is accounted for by multibranched AEs, which are synthesized via ethoxylation of isotridecanol (C 10 ‐C 13 homologues mixture). Each AE homologue exhibits a Poisson‐like ethoxymeric distribution, typically with one to 30 ethoxy units and an average ethoxylation number ranging from five to 15 [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior of aliphatic alcohol polyethoxylates and their metabolites under standardized aerobic biodegradation conditions

Marcomini

Zanette

Pojana

et al. 2000

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Aerobic biodegradation of aliphatic alcohol polyethoxylates (AEs) was tested under screening test conditions (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development [OECD] 301E protocol) using recently developed analytic methodologies for the specific determination of AEs and their neutral (polyethylene glycols [PEGs]) and carboxylic (carboxylated PEGs and AEs) aerobic metabolites. Biodegradation screening tests were performed under the same conditions on three typical, commercial AE blends and an individual, linear AE ethoxymer. The linear and monobranched AEs underwent a fast primary biodegradation, whereas the multibranched AEs underwent a slower biodegradation. Based on the formation and oligomeric distribution of PEGs and the lack of detection of other biointermediates before the formation of PEGs, the central cleavage of the AE molecule appeared to be the mechanism for primary biodegradation of the linear and monobranched AEs in the tested commercial blends. As a result, the shorter AE ethoxymers biodegraded faster than the longer ones. No PEGs were detected during biodegradation of the multibranched AEs. In addition, PEGs biodegraded more slowly than the parent AEs and were removed by hydrolysis, thus leading to shorter PEG oligomers, and by oxidative hydrolysis, thus forming carboxylated PEGs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior of aliphatic alcohol polyethoxylates and their metabolites under standardized aerobic biodegradation conditions

Marcomini

Zanette

Pojana

et al. 2000

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…The function of these biosurfactant was the increased the solubility of some hydrocarbon compounds so, it enhance the efficiency of microorganisms to degrade a crude oil. It was found that, the biosurfactants are grouped as glycolipids, lipopeptides, phospholipids, fatty acids, neutral lipids, polymeric and particulate compounds [35]. Most of these compounds are either anionic or neutral.…”

Section: The Chemical Structure Of the Biosurfactants Produced By Difmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Crude Oil Biodegradation by Immobilizing of different Bacterial Strains on Porous PVA Hydrogels or Combining of them with their produced Biosurfactants

Abdeen¹,

El-Sheshtawy²,

Ymm³

2014

J Pet Environ Biotechnol

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The degradation of the crude oil in wastewater by each of freely microorganisms and by immobilized them on each of crosslinked poly (vinyl alcohol) hydrogel (CPVA) and its foam (CPVAF) was reported. Also, it was studied by using biosurfactants (Bio s ) with free cells. The macroporous CPVAF was prepared by adding CaCO 3 as poreforming agent and epichlorohydrin as crosslinker. The prepared polymers are examining by FTIR, XRD, TGA, DSC and SEM analysis. The microorganisms of B.l., R.e. and P.x. isolated from contaminated effluents were investigated. The ability of these microorganisms to degrade the n-paraffin and PAHs was assessed by GC and HPLC analysis, respectively. Moreover, their stabilities and activities were tested in the growth count of bacteria study. The crosslinked CPVA carrier demonstrated better thermal stability and improvement in the microorganism efficiency with respect to hydrocarbons degradation than these of the CPVAF carrier. Scanning electron microscopy showed the presence of extracellular structures that could play an important role in the immobilization stability of cells on polymers. As well, GC analysis revealed that the percentage biodegradation ability of immobilized cells R.e. on CPVAF for the total n-paraffin was approximately, 100%. While, the HPLC analysis showed that the percentage biodegradation of cells for PAHs was enhancement by immobilized them on CPVA and also, at adding Bio s to them. The results suggest that the potential of using each of CPVA, PVAF as cell carriers and Bio s separately, to free cells to enhancing the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in an open marine environment.

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“…NaH 2 PO 3 ) to form 1,4-sorbitan as the main isomer, which is subsequently esterified with fatty acids in a second reaction step with an alkaline catalyst (e.g. K 2 CO 3 ) at 200-250 • C. In the one-step process both reactions are carried out simultaneously [12][13][14]. Both methods have been developed for industrial-scale production.…”

Section: Sorbitan Estersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…laurates, oleates or stearates) are produced with hydrophilic/lipophilic balance (HLB) values in a typical range of 1-8. To modify these relatively hydrophobic materials it is common technology to further derivatize the sorbitan esters by reaction with ethylene oxide to produce sorbitan ester ethoxylates -or polysorbates -with HLB values of 10-17, depending on the number of ethylene oxide units attached (Figure 4.1) [12].…”

Section: Sorbitan Estersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surfactants Based on Carbohydrates and Proteins for Consumer Products and Technical Applications

Hill¹

2010

Surfactants From Renewable Resources

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Synthesis of Surfactants

Cited by 21 publications

References 124 publications

Behavior of aliphatic alcohol polyethoxylates and their metabolites under standardized aerobic biodegradation conditions

Behavior of aliphatic alcohol polyethoxylates and their metabolites under standardized aerobic biodegradation conditions

Enhancement of Crude Oil Biodegradation by Immobilizing of different Bacterial Strains on Porous PVA Hydrogels or Combining of them with their produced Biosurfactants

Surfactants Based on Carbohydrates and Proteins for Consumer Products and Technical Applications

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