Synthesis of sulfur-doped p-type graphene by annealing with hydrogen sulfide

Chen, Liang; Wang, Yuelin; Li, Tie

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2014.11.002

Cited by 51 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Results of these thermal treatments with sulfur are presented in Figure 3 a), b) and d). The zone between D and G peak in Figure 3 b) changes dramatically (similar to spectrum at 100 °C in Figure 1 c)) and it is very different to other sulfur-graphene reports [23][24][25][26]. This zone, expanded in Figure 3 b, is composed by peaks at 1328 cm -1 , 1436 cm -1 , 1530 cm -1 and 1580 cm -1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 59%

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Sulfur and few-layer graphene interaction under thermal treatments

Flores¹,

Arellano-Peraza²,

Sato-Berrú³

et al. 2016

Chemical Physics Letters

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In this work we study sulfur confined between two multilayer graphene films under thermal treatments by means of electrical and Raman spectroscopy characterization. We found some similarities between the electrical behavior and differential scanning calorimetry of sulfur immersed into nanoporous anodic alumina template during sulfur phase transitions, this suggests that sulfur has a different thermal behavior when it is in confining conditions compared to the free state. In addition, multilayer graphene was exposed to sulfur vapors at 500 °C to induce chemical reaction. This method effectively produced covalent bonding between sulfur and multilayer graphene and a p-type doping of about 2x10 13 cm -2 in charge concentration. Finally, based on first principle calculations we speculate on the existence of a new bidimensional structure of sulfur.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Sulfur atoms formed linear nanodomains which act as bridges to connect carbons and finally form the S-graphene network. In other report on the S-graphene system, an orthorhombic CS2 (honeycomb lattice) structure has been found [11,26]. But a bidimensional and hexagonal sulfur structure has not been reported yet.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Sulfur and few-layer graphene interaction under thermal treatments

Flores¹,

Arellano-Peraza²,

Sato-Berrú³

et al. 2016

Chemical Physics Letters

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“…Compared with other dopants, boron can be doped into the graphene lattice by substituting carbon atom much easier due to the size compatibility in theoretical aspect . On account of the electron‐deficient nature of boron, this doping enhances p‐type conductivity behavior, leading to its application in photocatalysis . Hence, the boron active sites become the electron acceptors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[13] On account of the electron-deficient nature of boron, this doping enhances p-type conductivity behavior, leading to its application in photocatalysis. [14] Hence, the boron active sites become the electron acceptors. In addition, the dopant concentration will determine the conductivity performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

P‐Type Boron‐Doped Monolayer Graphene with Tunable Bandgap for Enhanced Photocatalytic H₂ Evolution under Visible‐Light Irradiation

Han

Younas

et al. 2019

ChemCatChem

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Graphene‐based materials are considered as one of the promising photocatalysts for hydrogen production from solar‐driven water splitting yet subject to zero bandgap limitation. Here, we report an efficient one‐step pyrolysis for preparing p‐type boron‐doped monolayer graphene. Through varying the dopant content, the bandgap of the boron‐doped graphene can be tuned. Moreover, a p‐type conductivity behavior of the boron‐doped monolayer graphene is demonstrated by the four‐probe measurement and Hall effect measurement. The boron‐doped graphene can service as an efficient semiconductor photocatalyst for hydrogen production from water splitting under visible‐light irradiation. The optimized boron‐doped graphene can deliver a high H2 production rate of 219.3 μmol h−1 g−1 without any cocatalyst. The photocatalyst can be recycled at least four times without obvious activity decay and maintain high H2 production rate of 215.3 μmol h−1 g−1 after 60 h reaction, indicative of excellent stability. This work may open up a new avenue for fabrication of new photocatalysts based on p‐type boron‐doped monolayer graphene.

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“…However, in 2015, Liu et al 278 reported the use of similar sulfur containing precursor (benzyl disulphide) and GO in the synthesis of Sdoped graphene using microwave-assisted solvothermal method and achieved a doping level of 2.3%. Liang et al 274 reported the S-doped graphene that had been FIGURE 6 Bonding configuration of S-doped graphene 267 annealed at a temperature of 1000°C with gaseous sulfur source of H 2 S gas on Si/SiO 2 . Since then, different liquid organic material precursors such as hexane have been also employed in the presence of sulfur when CVD method is used together with copper substrate.…”

Section: Sulfur-doped Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

Heteroatom-doped graphene and its application as a counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells

2018

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Summary The most frequently used counter electrode (CE) in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is platinum on fluorine‐doped tin oxide glass. This electrode has excellent electrical conductivity, chemical stability, and high electrocatalytic affinity for the reduction of triiodide. However, the high cost of metallic platinum and the poor electrochemical stability pose a major drawback in the commercial production. This has necessitated a search for a non‐precious metal and metal‐free electrocatalyst that demonstrates better catalytic activity and longer electrochemical stability for practical use in DSSCs. Graphene has been at the centre of attention due to its excellent optoelectronic properties. However, a defect‐free graphene sheet is not suitable as a CE in DSSCs, because of its neutral polarity which often restricts efficient charge transfer at the graphene/liquid interface, irrespective of the high in‐plane charge mobility. Hence, heteroatom‐doped graphene‐based CEs are being developed with the aim to balance electrical conductivity for efficient charge transfer and charge polarization for enhanced reduction activity of redox couples simultaneously. The elements commonly used in chemical doping of graphene are nitrogen, oxygen, boron, sulfur, and phosphorus. Halogens have also recently shown great promise. It has been demonstrated that edge‐selective heteroatom‐doping of graphene imparts both efficient in‐plane charge transfers and polarity, thereby enhancing electrocatalytic activity. Thus, heteroatom‐doped graphene serves as a good material to replace conventional electrodes and enhance power conversion efficiency in DSSCs. The focus is to reduce the cost of DSSCs. This review explores the performance of DSSCs, factors that influence the power conversion efficiency, and various physicochemical properties of graphene. It further outlines current progress on the synthetic approaches for chemical doping (substitutional and surface transfer doping) of graphene and graphene oxide with different heteroatoms in order to fine‐tune the electronic properties. The use of heteroatom‐doped graphene as a CE in DSSCs and how it improves the photovoltaic performance of cells is discussed.

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Synthesis of sulfur-doped p-type graphene by annealing with hydrogen sulfide

Cited by 51 publications

References 35 publications

Sulfur and few-layer graphene interaction under thermal treatments

Sulfur and few-layer graphene interaction under thermal treatments

P‐Type Boron‐Doped Monolayer Graphene with Tunable Bandgap for Enhanced Photocatalytic H₂ Evolution under Visible‐Light Irradiation

Heteroatom-doped graphene and its application as a counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells

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Synthesis of sulfur-doped p-type graphene by annealing with hydrogen sulfide

Cited by 51 publications

References 35 publications

Sulfur and few-layer graphene interaction under thermal treatments

Sulfur and few-layer graphene interaction under thermal treatments

P‐Type Boron‐Doped Monolayer Graphene with Tunable Bandgap for Enhanced Photocatalytic H2 Evolution under Visible‐Light Irradiation

Heteroatom-doped graphene and its application as a counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells

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P‐Type Boron‐Doped Monolayer Graphene with Tunable Bandgap for Enhanced Photocatalytic H₂ Evolution under Visible‐Light Irradiation