Synthesis of sulfonated poly(styrene‐<i>co</i>‐methyl methacrylate) by semicontinuous heterophase polymerization for filtration membranes

Ovando‐Medina, Víctor M.; Escobar‐Villanueva, Alondra G.; Martínez‐Gutiérrez, Hugo

doi:10.1002/vnl.21843

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Grinded crystal polystyrene (obtained from old CD‐cases) was sulfonated using acetyl sulfate as sulfonating agent by the previously reported procedure 18 . Briefly, 1.53 g of acetic anhydride and 5 mL of dichloromethane were mixed in a beaker of 50 mL.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Grinded crystal polystyrene (obtained from old CD-cases) was sulfonated using acetyl sulfate as sulfonating agent by the previously reported procedure. 18 Briefly, 1.53 g of acetic anhydride and 5 mL of dichloromethane were mixed in a beaker of 50 mL. Afterwards, 0.7356 g of concentrated H 2 SO 4 were added and allowed to react for 10 minutes, then 5 mL more of dichloromethane were added, this resulting mixture is called the sulfonating agent.…”

Section: Sulfonation Of Recycled Polystyrenementioning

confidence: 99%

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Microwave expanded graphite felt coated with sulfonated polystyrene as light absorber and self‐floating in photothermal water desalination

Ovando‐Medina

Escobar‐Villanueva

Martínez‐Gutiérrez

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary Porous supports based on microwave expanded graphite felt (Grph) coated with sulfonated polystyrene (S‐PSty) were prepared and tested in photothermal seawater desalination. Self‐floating supports of Grph@S‐PSty were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), FTIR and UV/Vis spectroscopies, and their morphology determined by SEM. It was observed that supports consisted of woven graphite fibers of approximately 20 μm in diameter well coated with the S‐PSty, where micropores in the range of 1 to 8 μm were formed due to microwave irradiation exposure, and thermal conductivity of support was almost three times lower than original graphite felt. The UV/Vis analysis showed that supports have a wide absorption light range in the UV/Vis‐NIR spectrum with more than 92% of light absorption. Pure water evaporation efficiency using Grph@S‐PSty supports was studied as a function of the amount of S‐PSty coating the graphite felt and different power density of incident light. The best support was that prepared with a S‐PSty solution at 0.5% (wt/v) expanded 2.5 seconds under microwave irradiation achieving 1.57 kg h−1 m−2 of evaporation rate and 99.0% of efficiency under 1 sun of illumination, therefore, this support was tested in water desalination (3.5% NaCl) with multiple evaporation cycles, achieving 1.57 kg h−1 m−2 of evaporation rate and 99% of efficiency, demonstrating that this material can be used for desalination at low cost. The system was also tested in the evaporation of NaCl aqueous solution at different concentrations to determine the stability at very high salt concentrations, achieving the same evaporation rate and efficiency at NaCl concentrations as high as 12% without salt build‐up on the top surface, demonstrating the material viability under extreme conditions. Novelty statement Self‐floatable substrates based on graphite felt and sulfonated polystyrene were prepared. Graphite@S‐PSty supports were used in photothermal water evaporation and desalination. Thermal efficiency of 99% and 1.57 kg h−1 m−2 of evaporation rate were reached. Very low salt accumulation was observed in the long‐term evaporation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sulfonation Of Recycled Polystyrenementioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave expanded graphite felt coated with sulfonated polystyrene as light absorber and self‐floating in photothermal water desalination

Ovando‐Medina

Escobar‐Villanueva

Martínez‐Gutiérrez

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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“…The AMPSA coating, when grafted, is designed to create a surface with enhanced hydrophilicity due to water binding ability, aiming to reduce the non‐specific adsorption of diverse proteins. Additionally, it results in a membrane surface that is highly sulfonated, imparting a negative charge due to the presence of sulfonic acid groups 21 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, it results in a membrane surface that is highly sulfonated, imparting a negative charge due to the presence of sulfonic acid groups. 21 This study focuses on producing CDA and CTA extracted from Egyptian cotton via acetylation. Reverse osmosis (RO) membranes are crafted based on CDA.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving water desalination: Sustainable grafted cellulose acetate reverse osmosis membrane from Egyptian cotton

Zhang,

Morsy,

Kandil

et al. 2024

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Cellulose diacetate (CDA) and triacetate (CTA) were derived from Egyptian cotton to fabricate reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. The Pphase inversion method was utilized for the production of CDA‐based membranes. Comprehensive characterization of these membranes involved structural, morphologial, and hydrophilic property analyses through techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and contact angle measurements. NMR spectra indicated a degree of substitution of 2.9 for CTA and 2 for CDA. The resulting RO membrane demonstrated a water flux of 6.1 L/m2·h and a salt rejection of 90.3%. Annealing led to an enhanced top layer with reduced defects and macrovoids in the support layer. Moreover, grafting the RO membranes with 15 wt% of 2‐acrylamidopropane‐2‐methyl sulphonic acid improved salt rejection to 96.2% and water flux to 8.7 L/m2.h. These findings underscore the significant performance enhancements achieved through both annealing and grafting processes in RO membranes.

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Synthesis of sulfonated poly(styrene‐co‐methyl methacrylate) by semicontinuous heterophase polymerization for filtration membranes

Cited by 2 publications

References 63 publications

Microwave expanded graphite felt coated with sulfonated polystyrene as light absorber and self‐floating in photothermal water desalination

Microwave expanded graphite felt coated with sulfonated polystyrene as light absorber and self‐floating in photothermal water desalination

Improving water desalination: Sustainable grafted cellulose acetate reverse osmosis membrane from Egyptian cotton

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