Synthesis of Styrene Carbonate from Carbon Dioxide and Styrene Oxide with Various Zinc Halide-Based Ionic Liquids

Abstract

Various zinc halide-based ionic liquids were prepared from zinc halides and onium halides as catalysts for the synthesis of styrene carbonate (SC) from styrene oxide and carbon dioxide.The effects of the ionic liquid catalyst composition (types of onium cation and halide, onium cation/zinc ratio) and CO 2 pressure on the reaction were investigated. The effectiveness of the onium cation as the active catalyst component was in the order of tetrabutylammonium > 1-butylpyridinium > 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium >> choline. The type of halide atom originating from the zinc salt affected the catalytic activity of the ionic liquid more significantly than that of the one originating from the onium salt. The onium cation/zinc ratio also affected the SC yield, but its manner was different depending on the type of onium cation.Influence of CO 2 pressure was not significant.

Synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and urea using zinc-containing solid catalysts: A homogeneous reaction

“…The authors have investigated direct [6][7][8][9][10] and indirect utilization of CO 2 as a feedstock, including chemical reactions with urea [11,12].…”

Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquids Mediated Metallic Salts Catalytic System for the Chemical Fixation of Carbon Dioxide to Form Cyclic Carbonates

“…Such examples include alkali metal salts [10,11], metal oxides [12], Schiff bases [13,14], transition metal complexes [15][16][17][18][19], ion-exchange resins [20], quaternary ammonium and phosphonium salts [21][22][23][24][25][26], gold nanoparticles supported on resins [27], cross-linked polymeric nanoparticles [28] and ionic liquids [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. Although the insertion of CO 2 into epoxides to produce five-membered carbonates has been studied extensively, there is still constant motivation for developing efficient catalysts for the chemical fixation of CO 2 .…”

A One‐Component Iron Catalyst for Cyclic Propylene Carbonate Synthesis

“…[19][20][21] Numerous catalytic systems have been developed for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates; onium compounds, [21,26,27] metal halides [28] and supported metal halides on zeolites, carbon and alumina, [29][30][31][32][33] lanthanide oxychlorides and transition-metal complexes. Among these catalysts, salen complexes of aluminium, [34][35][36][37] chromium, [37][38][39] cobalt, [39][40][41][42] zinc [43][44][45][46] and tin [47] and porphyrin and phthalocyanine complexes of aluminium [30,48] show high catalytic activities. However, some of these metals are highly toxic, especially the commonly used cobalt and chromium complexes, which limits the potential application of the resulting product species.…”