Synthesis of Spinel-Hydroxyapatite Composite Utilizing Bovine Bone and Beverage Can

Abstract

Spinel-based hydroxyapatite composite (SHC) has been synthesized utilizing bovine bones as the source of the hydroxyapatite (HAp) and beverage cans as the aluminum (Al) source. The bovine bones were defatted and calcined in the air atmosphere to transform them into hydroxyapatite. The beverage cans were cut and milled to obtain fine Al powder and then sieved to obtain three different particle mesh size fractions: +100#, −140# + 170#, and −170#, or Al particle size of >150, 90–150, and <90 µm, respectively. The SHC was synthesized using the self-propagating intermediate-temperature synthesis (SIS) method at 900 °C for 2 h with (HAp:Al:Mg) ratio of (87:10:3 wt.%) and various compaction pressure of 100, 171, and 200 MPa. It was found that the mechanical properties of the SHC are influenced by the Al particle size and the compaction pressure. Smaller particle size produces the tendency of increasing the hardness and reducing the porosity of the composite. Meanwhile, increasing compaction pressure produces a reduction of the SHC porosity. The increase in the hardness is also observed by increasing the compaction pressure except for the smallest Al particle size (<90 µm), where the hardness instead becomes smaller.

Hydroxyapatite-collagen- carboxylic carbon quantum dot composite loaded with chrysin supported the proliferation and differentiation of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells

“…The detailed chemical reaction is discussed in Scheme 1. The lesser particle size within this range (>1 µm) may give a superior homogeneity of the distribution of particles, and superior bonding between the individual components of the composite, and it could increase the density of the composite (Oh et al, 1998;Pramono et al, 2022). Therefore, it is a critical factor that defines the composite's quality.…”

Mineralogical Crystallography Volume II

“…Pramono et al [15] have successfully synthesized hydroxyapatite composite with spinel fittings using bovine bones, beverage Al cans and Mg (as the only commercial reagent). It was shown that the decrease in Al particle size increases hardness and reduces the porosity of the novel perspective biocomposite material.…”

Analysis of Stress Distribution of Composites Based on Hydroxyapatite by Finite Element Method

“…SIS is a simplification of Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS), where this process uses an exothermic reaction to initiate and maintain component combustion to produce the desired product. The SHS method can be applied to materials such as iron sand, titanium, carbon, and can also be applied to composite materials by aluminum and magnesium as a matrix or reinforcement [1][2][3]. The advantage of the SHS method is that the process uses high temperatures in order to obtain a very short time to reach the maximum combustion temperature due to the heat released during the exothermic reaction [4].…”