Synthesis of Some Aromatic and Aliphatic Esters Using WO3/ZrO2 Solid Acid Catalyst under Solvent Free Conditions

Abstract

A simple method is delineated for the synthesis of substituted ester products in superior yields by esterification reaction under solvent unbound condition using tungsten upgraded ZrO2 solid acid catalyst at 353 K. The WO3/ZrO2 catalyst has been prepared by using impregnation method followed by calcination at 923 K over a period of 6 h in air atmosphere. SEM, XRD, FTIR, and BET surface area techniques were used to categorize this catalyst. Zirconia has both acidic and basic possessions which can be changed by incorporating suitable promoter atom like tungsten which in turn increases the surface area thereby enhancing the surface acidity. Impregnation of W6+ ions exhibits a strong influence on phase modification of zirconia from thermodynamically solid monoclinic to metastable tetragonal phase. Amalgamation of promoter W6+ will stabilize tetragonal phase which is active in catalyzing reactions. In esterification reaction WO3/ZrO2 catalyst was found to be stable, efficient and environmental friendly, effortlessly recovered by filtration, excellent yield of product and can be reusable efficiently.

Synthesis, spectroscopic, molecular docking, theoretical calculations, DNA‐binding, and anticancer activity studies of gold (III), platinum (II), palladium (II), and ruthenium (III) complexes with Girard‐T reagent

“…Moreover, metal complexes of Girard‐T and hydrazone moieties have cytotoxic activity against malignant cancer cell lines 12,13 . Furthermore, these reagents and their Schiff bases are interesting research subjects 14–19 . Many of them demonstrate various biological activities, 20–23 making them potentially useful for medicinal applications 24 .…”

“…12,13 Furthermore, these reagents and their Schiff bases are interesting research subjects. [14][15][16][17][18][19] Many of them demonstrate various biological activities, [20][21][22][23] making them potentially useful for medicinal applications. 24 Schiff bases have also been studied as coordination chemistry ligands.…”

Kinetic study on the reaction of p‐tert‐butylbenzoic acid with methanol catalyzed by deep eutectic solvent based on choline chloride

“…However, the high ratio of alcohol to acid and the unclear process of catalyst recovery limit its large‐scale industrial application. To avoid these disadvantages, especially environmental pollution, some novel eco‐friendly catalysts, such as solid acid, 14–18 zeolites, 19–21 and ionic liquids 22–27 have been reported in the esterification of aromatic acids.…”

Esterification of ethanol and lactic acid with WO3 on montmorillonite catalysts for ethyl lactate production

“…The chemical and physical properties of zirconia based catalysts make them attractive catalysts which can compete with zeolites, clays and oxides in industry [20]. The zirconium (IV) oxynitrate hydrate properties are presented in Table 6.…”