Synthesis of Solid Catalyst From Dolomite for Biodiesel Production Using Palm Kernel Oil in an Optimization Process by Definitive Screening Design

Abstract

A solid catalyst for biodiesel production was synthesized from dolomite by calcination at different temperatures of 800 and 900 o C for 2 h. The catalyst was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET). Its performance in the production of palm kernel biodiesel (PKB) using palm kernel oil in an optimization study was carried out by a definitive screening design. The varying process parameters for the optimization were methanol:oil molar ratio, reaction temperature, catalyst quantity, reaction time and dolomite calcination temperature. Tendency and extent of the catalyst reusability were also studied. The catalysts were found to contain calcium and magnesium oxides with morphological structures of: surface areas 507 and 560 m 2 /g, pore volumes 0.180 and 0.199 cm 3 /g, and pore sizes 27.07 and 31.48 Ȃ for Dolomite Catalyst Calcined (DCC) at 800 o C (DCC800) and DCC at 900 o C (DCC900), respectively. The optimal parameters of methanol:oil molar ratio 12:1, temperature 65 o C, catalyst quantity 8% (w/w), time 4 h and DCC800 gave an optimum yield of 98.69% biodiesel. The catalyst was reused for the 8 th cycle after which the %yield of PKB decreased by <4%. It can be concluded that the dolomite catalyst has a great activity and potential as a viable catalyst for quality biodiesel production.

Nano-synthesis of solid acid catalysts from waste-iron-filling for biodiesel production using high free fatty acid waste cooking oil

“…It is worthy to note that the RBC500, RBC700 and RBC900 produced high FAME contents of 98.22, 98.57 and 99.99% respectively from the WCO as shown in Table 5 . The biodiesel yields meet the standard quality of biodiesel as expressed by the ASTM D6751 ( > 96.5%) 32 . Therefore, the biodiesel samples produced by the RBC500, RBC700 and RBC900 are of high quality as they satisfy the ASTM standard.…”

“…The GC–MS was operated at the temperature range of 50 to 290 °C at 3°/min and the total runtime of 62 min with the acquisition from 30 min. The FAME spectra were obtained and compared with those of the standard spectra from the NIST library (NIST 11) 32 .…”

Modeling and optimization of biodiesel from high free‐fatty‐acid chicken fat by non‐catalytic esterification and mussel‐shell‐catalyzed transesterification

“…CaO‐based catalysts are one of the most investigated solutions for biodiesel production because of their high activity, low cost and availability 1,20 . Calcium oxide is a high‐basic, noncorrosive catalyst that can be derived from CaCO 3 ‐containing waste materials, such as mollusk shells, eggshells, mussel shells and snail shells 21,22 …”

“…1,20 Calcium oxide is a high-basic, noncorrosive catalyst that can be derived from CaCO 3 -containing waste materials, such as mollusk shells, eggshells, mussel shells and snail shells. 21,22 Solid catalysts of eggshell and dolomite were utilized to catalyze the transesterification reaction. 23,24 Another study used chicken bone-derived catalysts to mediate the transesterification reaction.…”

Kinetic modeling of the biodiesel production process using neem seed oil: An alternative to petroleum-diesel

“…In recent studies, nanoparticles' use is significantly gaining greater attention in its use as a heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production, which has been observed to have been increasing rapidly. Some of the other studies include Zewude [8], obtained 92.8% yield for the use of neem oil and Na2O-CaO; Abbah [23] obtained 94% yield from the use of neem seed oil and KOH (homogenous catalyst); Dianursanti et al [24] obtained a yield of 36.8% for the use of CuO/Zeolite and Chlorella Vulgaris oil; Ribwar [25] obtained 83% for the use of waste cooking oil/chicken fat and KOH (homogenous catalyst); Jabiver et al [26] work which obtained 73% yield for the use of soybean and CaO-ZnO; Ajala et al [27] obtained 98.7% yield for the use of palm kernel oil and dolomite as the oil and catalyst (or reaction enhancer) respectively. Other works that employed biocatalysts like Istiningrum et al [28] obtained 81.2% yield in biodiesel production via waste cooking oil and lipase.…”