Synthesis of SO₄²⁻/TiO₂–ZnAl₂O₄composite solid acids as the esterification catalysts

Abstract

A SO42−/TiO2–ZnAl2O4 composite catalyst with superior stability and acidic properties was synthesized and applied in esterification.

Binder-free Mn–V–Sn oxyhydroxide decorated with metallic Sn as an earth-abundant supercapattery electrode for intensified energy storage

“…4. 35,78 Furthermore, the obtained Raman spectrum proved the existence of the composite in the oxyhydroxide form as illustrated in Fig. S1c† which is in agreement with the FTIR results (1110 cm −1 ) and the XPS data (the peak at around 531.8 eV).…”

“…4e illustrates the O 1s spectrum, which can be deconvoluted into three peaks at 530.4, 531.9, and 532.2 eV, characteristic of lattice oxygen (M–O), hydroxyl oxygen (M–OH), and oxygen of the intercalated sulphate group, respectively, indicating the successful fabrication of an oxyhydroxide composite. 77,78 Moreover, the observed spectrum at 170.04 eV is ascribed to the 2p of sulphur in the +6 oxidation state, confirming the intercalation of sulphate anions in the fabricated structures, which mostly control some characteristics of the fabricated electrodes, such as surface area and porosity, as shown in Fig. 4.…”

Effect of Thermal Treatment on Nickel‐Cobalt Electrocatalysts for Glycerol Oxidation

“…Besides sulfate, other counterions like nitrate can be presumed to become intercalated as well, in agreement with the electrolyte composition, although their presence cannot be ascertained categorically (Figure S2). In all samples, FT‐IR spectra (Figure S3) show a broad peak with two contributions at 1110 and 1060 cm −1 corresponding to the asymmetric and symmetric stretching modes of S−O bonds of intercalated sulfate ions [16] . In addition, the characteristic stretching vibrations of interlayer water molecules and nitrate ions were found at 1630 cm −1 and 1384 cm −1 , respectively, corroborating the formation of a layered structure [17] …”

“…In all samples, FT-IR spectra (Figure S3) show a broad peak with two contributions at 1110 and 1060 cm À 1 corresponding to the asymmetric and symmetric stretching modes of SÀ O bonds of intercalated sulfate ions. [16] In addition, the characteristic stretching vibrations of interlayer water molecules and nitrate ions were found at 1630 cm À 1 and 1384 cm À 1 , respectively, corroborating the formation of a layered structure. [17] In the SEM micrographies, the deposits clearly reveal two distinctive morphologies.…”

Optimizing the Production of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil Utilizing Industrial Waste‐Derived MgO/CaO Catalysts

“…A sharper band in the catalyst spectra at 3640 cm −1 corresponds to O–H groups of uncalcined raw materials 36. Between 3200 and 3600 cm −1 , the specimens' broad peaks show stretching vibrations of hydrogen‐bonded hydroxyl surface groups, which may be caused by the extremely sensitive CaO/Al 2 O 3 present in the catalysts as a cause of humidity absorption and environmental CO 2 37.…”