Synthesis of single-crystalline tungsten nanowires by nickel-catalyzed vapor-phase method at 850°C

Two‐probe electrical measurements in transmission electron microscopes—Behavioral control of tungsten microwires

“…The synthesis of W microwires followed an adapted process of that described previously (Wang et al, 2007). Briefly, gaseous WO 2 (OH) 2 was produced, in a tube furnace at 1,273 K, through the reaction of solid WO 3 powder with water vapor.…”

Low-temperature growth of tetragonal tungsten nanowire arrays on tungsten substrate using Ni solid catalysts

“…Very recently, W nanowires and the oxide nanowires, with well-defined singlecrystalline structure and unique geometry, have attracted intensive attention due to their great potential applications as field emitters and strength agents [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. So far, various methods have been developed to fabricate W nanowires, such as direct CVD [2][3][4][5], metal-catalyzed CVD [14][15][16][17][18], electron beam induced deposition [19][20][21] and self-organization methods [22,23]. In terms of feasibility, metal-catalyzed CVD method has been developed to be one of the most successful methods for controlling synthesis of semiconductor nanowires [24][25][26].…”

“…Here, we further reported the successful growth of tetragonal W nanowire arrays on W substrates by Ni-catalyzed CVD method. It was quite interesting to note that the growth of the W nanowires on W substrate, which was unlike the growth of columned W nanowires induced by the Ni, Ni-Fe or Ni-Co catalysts located at the wire tips [14][15][16][17], was induced by the Ni catalysts at the root of nanowires. The synthesized W nanowire with a high aspect ratio and a sharp tip, would be an ideal configuration for the field emission applications.…”

Metallic Tungsten Nanostructures and Highly Nanostructured Thin Films by Deposition of Tungsten Oxide and Subsequent Reduction in a Single Hot‐Wire CVD Process

“…In recent years multiple other methods have been developed to synthesize tungsten nanostructures. For instance, tungsten nanowires have been grown using electron-and ion-beaminduced deposition, [3,4] selective dissolution of a directionally solidified eutectic NiAl-W alloy (1700 8C), [5] vacuum pyrolysis/carbothermal treatment of lamellar inorganicsurfactant precursors at temperatures between 500 and 850 8C, [6] a field-emission-induced method, [7] vapor-phase synthesis at temperatures above 1450 8C, [8] a nickelcatalyzed vapor-phase method at 850 8C, [9] thermal treatment (850 8C) of an oxidized tungsten film in hydrogen, [10] and reduction of tungsten oxide nanowires in a H 2 plasma. [11] Other fabricated tungsten structures are microwhiskers prepared by vapor deposition, [12] and through reduction of NiWO 4 by CO at 950 8C, [13] nanorods through an oblique-angle sputter deposition technique, [14] and nanothorns by vapor deposition after reducing tungsten oxide by carbon and silicon at 1100 8C.…”