Synthesis of Silver-Strontium Titanate Hybrid Nanoparticles by Sol-Gel-Hydrothermal Method

Abstract

Silver (Ag) nanoparticle-loaded strontium titanate (SrTiO3) nanoparticles were attempted to be synthesized by a sol-gel-hydrothermal method. We prepared the titanium oxide precursor gels incorporated with Ag+ and Sr2+ ions with various molar ratios, and they were successfully converted into the Ag-SrTiO3 hybrid nanoparticles by the hydrothermal treatment at 230 °C in strontium hydroxide aqueous solutions. The morphology of the SrTiO3 nanoparticles is dendritic in the presence and absence of Ag+ ions. The precursor gels, which act as the high reactive precursor, give rise to high nucleation and growth rates under the hydrothermal conditions, and the resultant diffusion-limited aggregation phenomena facilitate the dendritic growth of SrTiO3. From the field-emission transmission electron microscope observation of these Ag-SrTiO3 hybrid nanoparticles, the Ag nanoparticles with a size of a few tens of nanometers are distributed without severe agglomeration, owing to the competitive formation reactions of Ag and SrTiO3.

The enhanced electrocaloric effect in P(VDF-TrFE) copolymer with barium strontium titanate nano-fillers synthesized via an effective hydrothermal method

“…The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of BST are shown in Fig. The BET specific surface area of the BST nanoparticles is 80 m 2 /g, which is much larger than those of BST samples synthesized by other methods [16][17][18][19]. The mean size of BST nanoparticles determined from the Scherrer equation using the (110) diffraction peak is about d=27.5 nm, which is in good agreement with that measured from the SEM images ( Fig.…”

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

“…The sol–gel method is one of the most common techniques to synthesize AgNPs. The sol–gel process is considered to be a multifaceted approach for the synthesis of nanoparticles in various forms – especially complex compounds – such as metal-complex oxides, inorganic nanocomposites, and chalcogenides [ 144 ]. In the sol–gel method, a gel-like mixture is first prepared by mixing the silver precursor solution with a metal complex compound (i.e.…”

“…comprised of Ca, Ti, Sr, etc.) [ 143 – 144 ] in a solvent such as water or alcohol. Then the product is heated in order for the nucleation and reaction to take place [ 143 , 231 ].…”

“…hybrid compounds), allowing the process to be adjusted accordingly in order to yield the desired complex product with tuned physiochemical characteristics [ 146 ]. In addition, combined with the hydrothermal approach (synthesis in a hot aqueous environment under high pressure), it can synthesize AgNPs at a lower temperature compared to the sol–gel process alone [ 144 ]. Nevertheless, there are some disadvantages regarding the application and feasibility of sol–gel-produced nanoparticles and nanocomposites.…”

“…These techniques are usually accompanied by the addition of stabilizers to provide stability, prevent aggregation, control morphology, and provide physiologically compatible properties [140][141][142]. Chemical methods were previously used to produce silver nanoparticles including sol-gel processes [143][144][145][146], conventional chemical reduction [147][148][149][150][151], reverse micelle [152][153][154], co-precipitation [155], chemical vapor deposition [156][157][158], solvothermal [159][160][161], and electrochemical reduction [162][163][164][165]. Chemical synthesis methods are currently among the most widely used approaches [104,166].…”