“…Meanwhile, the photocatalytic activity of AgTf2N nanoparticles effectively degraded the highest amount of 2,4-D herbicide at 65.61%. The optimized model gave high removal percentage of 2,4-D at 97.80% (pH= 3.24; catalyst dosage= 0.009 g/L; 2,4-D concentra-tion= 8.15 mg/L) with validation experiments of 1.28% error [35].…”
Background: The herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is used to control of agricultural pests (water and soil) and is among the most widely distributed pollutants in the environment. Methods: In this study, Fe2O3/CeO2/Ag composite nanoparticles were synthesized using a simple coprecipitation method. The as-synthesized samples were examined using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray analysis. The photo catalytic activity of the as-synthesized samples was examined through photo degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) under ultraviolet irradiation. The effects of pH, irradiation time, initial 2,4-D concentration and catalyst dose on the photo catalytic performance of Fe2O3/CeO2/Ag composite nanoparticles were investigated through an optimization process. The photo catalytic reaction kinetic data were analyzed using Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, and the absorption equilibrium was examined by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Results: The results suggested the second order reaction kinetics as the best model for 2,4-D photo degradation. Moreover, Langmuir isotherm with a higher R2 was reported as the most suitable model. The photo catalytic activities revealed the highest photo degradation percentage for Fe2O3/CeO2/Ag composite nanoparticles with a degradation order as Fe2O3/CeO2/Ag (75.70%)>Fe2O3/CeO2 (36.28%) >CeO2 (26.92)>Fe2O3 (11.96). Conclusions: Based on the determination of nanomaterial efficiency, its components and photo catalytic properties, can be used to remove this contaminant and other toxic compounds.
“…Meanwhile, the photocatalytic activity of AgTf2N nanoparticles effectively degraded the highest amount of 2,4-D herbicide at 65.61%. The optimized model gave high removal percentage of 2,4-D at 97.80% (pH= 3.24; catalyst dosage= 0.009 g/L; 2,4-D concentra-tion= 8.15 mg/L) with validation experiments of 1.28% error [35].…”
Background: The herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is used to control of agricultural pests (water and soil) and is among the most widely distributed pollutants in the environment. Methods: In this study, Fe2O3/CeO2/Ag composite nanoparticles were synthesized using a simple coprecipitation method. The as-synthesized samples were examined using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray analysis. The photo catalytic activity of the as-synthesized samples was examined through photo degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) under ultraviolet irradiation. The effects of pH, irradiation time, initial 2,4-D concentration and catalyst dose on the photo catalytic performance of Fe2O3/CeO2/Ag composite nanoparticles were investigated through an optimization process. The photo catalytic reaction kinetic data were analyzed using Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, and the absorption equilibrium was examined by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Results: The results suggested the second order reaction kinetics as the best model for 2,4-D photo degradation. Moreover, Langmuir isotherm with a higher R2 was reported as the most suitable model. The photo catalytic activities revealed the highest photo degradation percentage for Fe2O3/CeO2/Ag composite nanoparticles with a degradation order as Fe2O3/CeO2/Ag (75.70%)>Fe2O3/CeO2 (36.28%) >CeO2 (26.92)>Fe2O3 (11.96). Conclusions: Based on the determination of nanomaterial efficiency, its components and photo catalytic properties, can be used to remove this contaminant and other toxic compounds.
“…Numerous types of nanomaterials have been investigated for the removal of heavy metals [173][174][175][176][177][178] and organic substances [179][180][181][182]. Nanoremediation has also been used to remove endocrine disruptors such as herbicides [183,184], naphthalene [185], DDT [186], bisphenol A [187,188] and pharmaceuticals [189,190]. Studies have reported a high application of photocatalytic activation of nanomaterials due to the generation of superoxide radicals that intensify the degradation process.…”
Section: Recent Knowledge On Chemical Remediation Of Soil Water and Airmentioning
The protection of all environmental compartments (water, soil, air) is of great interest for the normal functioning of life on Earth. The environment is systematically polluted with different concentrations of physical, biological and chemical pollutants. For the purpose of environmental protection, numerous in situ and ex situ biological, chemical and physical remediation techniques have been developed. Most techniques have limitations, such as high cost, processing time or environmental feasibility. In general, biological techniques have proven to be the most environmentally friendly compared to chemical and physical techniques. Furthermore, remediation is an extremely complex procedure due to the complexity of the pollutant composition. Therefore, the implementation of individual physical, biological or chemical remediation techniques is often not sufficient for adequate remediation of the polluted environment. Accordingly, for more economical and efficient environmental remediation, it is recommended to use a combination of techniques that should meet the requirements of efficiency and treatment duration. Ultimately, this review provides a concise overview of the recent application of physical, biological and chemical remediation techniques to all compartments of the polluted environment. A critical review of existing knowledge on environmental remediation through a search of the relevant literature has helped to assess the basic challenges and limitations that arise in the issue of environmental remediation, as well as providing recommendations and guidelines for future research.
“…In contrast, the pseudo-second-order model assumes that the degradation process is controlled by the reactions that occur in the system due to chemisorption in the catalyst, as well as the process of sharing or exchanging electrons between the catalyst, the electrode, and the Congo red. In recent years, degradation processes have been reported that present this type of kinetic behavior, mainly when composites or combined systems are used [44][45][46][47]. With the data from the kinetic studies, the models for each process of degradation of the Congo red dye for the Langmuir-Hinshelwood isotherm for the pseudo-first order were applied as shown in Figure 9a and for the pseudo-second order Ho model as shown in Figure 9b.…”
Section: Evaluation Of the Degradation Capacity Of The Congo Red Dye By Photolysis Catalysis Photocatalysis Electrocatalysis And Photoelementioning
Photoelectrocatalysis is a novel technique that combines heterogeneous photocatalysis with the application of an electric field to the system through electrodes for the degradation of organic contaminants in aqueous systems, mainly of toxic dyes. The efficiency of these combined processes depends on the semiconductor properties of the catalysts, as well as on the anodic capacity of the electrode. In this study, we propose the use of active hydrotalcites in the degradation of Congo red dye through processes assisted by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and electric current. Our research focused on evaluating the degradation capacity of Congo red by means of photolysis, catalysis, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and photoelectrocatalysis, as well as identifying the effect of the properties of the active hydrotalcites in these processes. The results show that a maximum degradation was reached with the photoelectrocatalysis process with active hydrotalcites and a copper anode at 6 h with 95% in a half-life of 0.36 h. The degradation is favored by the attack of the OH• radicals under double bonds in the diazo groups where the electrode produces Cu2+ ions, and with the photogenerated electrons, the recombination speed of the electron–hole in the hydrotalcite catalyst is reduced until the complete degradation.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.