Synthesis of ruthenium particles by photoreduction in polymer solutions

Harada, Masafumi; Takahashi, Saki

doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2008.05.049

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Secondly, the benzophenone may absorb light and induces faster kinetic reactions due to specic radical formation. 20,21 This is in line with the darker color of phenolic resins formed aer irradiation in the presence of benzophenone (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

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“Light-assisted evaporation induced self-assembly”: an efficient approach toward ordered carbon materials

et al. 2015

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The synthesis of ordered porous carbons by a green, simple and rapid approach based on light exposure of a solution of carbon precursors and a soft-template in the presence or not of a photosensitizer is demonstrated herein along with their formation mechanism. The influence of the benzophenone amount on the formation of phenolic resin and the carbon structure, morphology and textural properties was systematically studied. The polymerization, self-assembly and carbonization are promoted in the same step by light. The benzophenone accelerates several times the reaction rate modifying mainly the phenolic-resin structure (higher degree of cross-linking and carbonization) via radical formation, as highlighted by Raman spectroscopy. In addition, the increase of benzophenone amount gradually induces the modification of carbon morphology from a worm-like disordered structure to a highly organized hexagonal one while the surface area and pore volume remain unchanged. The 13 C and 1 H solid state and relaxation NMR analysis pointed out that this behavior is triggered by the different micellar structuration of the template in the presence of benzophenone, the phenolic-resin composition involving only carbon precursor derived compounds and not benzophenone. † Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Experimental synthesis procedure, DFT pore size distribution; unit cell evolution for phenolic-resins and carbons; TEM pictures of carbons prepared under specic conditions; Raman spectra of phenolic resins. See

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…20,21 This is in line with the darker color of phenolic resins formed aer irradiation in the presence of benzophenone (Fig. 20,21 This is in line with the darker color of phenolic resins formed aer irradiation in the presence of benzophenone (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

“Light-assisted evaporation induced self-assembly”: an efficient approach toward ordered carbon materials

et al. 2015

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“…In a typical procedure, 1 mL of 1.32 M aqueous solution of AgClO 4 ·H 2 O was added to 19 mL of 0.53 M alkane solution of AOT, followed by the addition of 400 mg benzophenone, and the solution was then mixed vigorously by shaking. It is highlighted here that benzophenone plays an important role as a photoactivator to complete Ag nanoparticle formation in alkane solution . The Ag + -containing w/o microemulsions were placed in a quartz cell, and an irradiation with a 500W super high-pressure mercury lamp was launched with continuous stirring.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Quick X-ray Absorption Fine Structure and Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Study of Metal Nanoparticle Growth in Water-in-Oil Microemulsions during Photoreduction

Harada

Ikegami

2016

Crystal Growth & Design

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Formation of metal nanoparticles (silver (Ag) and palladium (Pd) nanoparticles) in water/alkane/sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsions consisting of AOT, water, and organic solvent (n-heptane, n-octane, n-decane, and isooctane) by photoreduction was monitored by means of a combination of in situ quick X-ray absorption fine structure (QXAFS) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements. The stages of reduction–nucleation and the association process (aggregative particle growth and Ostwald ripening) of metal atoms to produce metal nanoparticles were discriminated in the course of the photoreduction time. In situ QXAFS results indicated that the aggregative growth follows a sigmoidal profile described both by the solid-state kinetic model, specifically the Avrami–Erofe’ev model, and by the chemical-mechanism-based kinetic Finke–Watzky model. The SAXS results clearly showed that the formation of Ag and Pd nanoparticles preferentially follows a reduction–nucleation and subsequent aggregative particle growth before the starting of Ostwald ripening-based growth. The rate of nucleation and aggregative growth in the formation of Pd nanoparticles tends to be higher than that in the formation of Ag nanoparticles, resulting in the larger particle size of Ag nanoparticles. Another interesting finding is that the growth rate and final particle size is inversely related where a decrease in growth rate corresponds to larger particle sizes.

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“…Moreover, a photo-activator such as benzoin has been used to investigate the influence of the photo-activator on the formation kinetics of Ag particles, especially on the reduction rate of Ag + . Recently, one of authors has demonstrated that the photochemical reduction of Ru(III) ionic solution with assistance of photo-activator could efficiently produce metallic Ru particles in PVP solutions [19]. The same method has been applied to the higher concentration of Ag particles ([Ag] = 20 and 40 mM) in order to intentionally accelerate Ag + reduction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ time-resolved XAFS analysis of silver particle formation by photoreduction in polymer solutions

Harada

Inada

Nomura

2009

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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Synthesis of ruthenium particles by photoreduction in polymer solutions

Cited by 21 publications

References 28 publications

“Light-assisted evaporation induced self-assembly”: an efficient approach toward ordered carbon materials

“Light-assisted evaporation induced self-assembly”: an efficient approach toward ordered carbon materials

In Situ Quick X-ray Absorption Fine Structure and Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Study of Metal Nanoparticle Growth in Water-in-Oil Microemulsions during Photoreduction

In situ time-resolved XAFS analysis of silver particle formation by photoreduction in polymer solutions

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