Synthesis of rectangular tubes of polyaniline/NiO composites

Han, Jie; Gao, Song; Guo, Rong

doi:10.1002/pola.21512

Cited by 65 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] While most PANI NTs have circular crosssections, NTs with rectangular hollow interiors have been observed in PANI nanomaterials synthesized under various conditions. [16][17][18][19][20][21] Rectangular PANI NTs were also Full Paper Nanomaterials made from the conducting polymer polyaniline (PANI) have very unique applications due to their high surface area and ease of processing. The link between synthesis conditions and morphology of PANI nanomaterials has been the subject of numerous investigations in recent years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐Assembled Polyaniline Nanotubes with Rectangular Cross‐Sections

Ding

Currier

Zhao

et al. 2009

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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Nanomaterials made from the conducting polymer polyaniline (PANI) have very unique applications due to their high surface area and ease of processing. The link between synthesis conditions and morphology of PANI nanomaterials has been the subject of numerous investigations in recent years. Formation mechanisms for different morphologies have also been proposed. In this work, we report a self‐assembly method to make high yield PANI nanotubes with rectangular holes and outer contours by qualitatively and purposely controlling reaction rate. We find that aggregation of detectable and separable reaction intermediates is directly correlated with PANI nanotubes formation, consistent with the observation of oligoaniline precipitates reported in the literature. Control over intermediate aggregates morphology is studied systematically. By controlling the reaction rate through adjusting acid and oxidant concentrations, we can slow down the aggregation rate of the intermediates to largely enhance the yield of nanotubes with rectangular cross‐sections. To understand the correlation between the intermediates aggregation and the morphology of the resulting PANI tubes, the morphologies of intermediate aggregates and final nanotubes were characterized using SEM, STEM, and TEM. Open circuit potential (OCP) was used to monitor the polymerization process. Molecular weight distribution results were also obtained for the intermediate aggregates and the final products. Based on our study, we propose a simple PANI nanotube formation mechanism.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐Assembled Polyaniline Nanotubes with Rectangular Cross‐Sections

Ding

Currier

Zhao

et al. 2009

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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“…The originally formed Au nanoparticles will locate in the inner part of monomer droplets because of their hydrophobic feature. 10,11 The morphology of product is evidently related to the concentration of HAuCl 4 . At high concentration of HAuCl 4 , a large amount of Au nanoparticles are formed, and the monomer droplets will have one or more Au nanoparticles.…”

Section: Formation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 Recently, we have reported that a series of hollow spheres of PANI derivatives, such as poly(o-toluidine) (POT), poly(o-methoxyaniline) and poly(ophenylenediamine), can be synthesized through the chemical polymerization of monomers in aqueous solution using ammonium persulfate (APS) as the oxidant without the aid of surfactant or functional acid, where the monomer droplets were considered to act as template to the formation of hollow structures. [24][25][26] In this article, we report the interesting finding that well-defined Au/POT core/shell composite spheres can be successfully prepared through the chemical polymerization of o-toluidine monomers in aqueous solution using HAuCl 4 can be formed. The proposed strategy possesses the advantage of simple synthetic procedures and also this is an environmentally friendly way to the fabrication of gold/conducting polymer composites as surfactants and functional organic acids are not used in the synthesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…6 Recently, conducting polymer of polyaniline (PANI) has been widely studied because of their novel properties of high environmental stability, controllable electrical conductivity and interesting redox properties associated with chain nitrogen, [7][8][9] and extensive applications ranging from batteries to light-emitting devices. 10 Many inorganic nanoparticles, such as TiO 2 , 10 NiO, 11,12 Fe 3 O 4 , 13 V 2 O 5 , 14 Ag, [15][16][17] have been encapsulated in PANI. Among the various inorganic nanoparticles, Au nanoparticles are the most stable metal nanoparticles and exhibit many chemical and physical properties in different contents, such as catalysis, surface-enhanced Roman phenomena, and applications to optical devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A simple one‐step chemical route to gold/polymer core/shell composites and polymer hollow spheres

Han

Liu

2009

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Au/poly(o-toluidine) (POT) core/shell composite spheres have been successfully fabricated by chemical polymerization route in aqueous solution without the aid of surfactant or functional acids using HAuCl 4 as the oxidant. By altering the concentration of oxidant, the amount of Au nanoparticles inside each POT sphere can be tuned from tens to one. Moreover, uniform POT hollow spheres with one opening in each polymer surface can be obtained under extremely low concentration of oxidant.The chemical structures of Au/POT composites were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV-vis, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopies. Moreover, the formation mechanisms of Au/POT core/shell composites and POT hollow spheres were also discussed.

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“…18 The ammonium persulphate was added drop-wise because the oxidation of o-phenylenediamine by ammonium persulphate is very sensitive to the reaction conditions. Oxidative polymerization of o-phenylenediamine occurs at the amine groups then a ladder PoPD polymer should be obtained.…”

Section: O Nanocompositementioning

confidence: 99%

Vacuum-Deposited Poly(o-phenylenediamine)/WO3·nH2O Nanocomposite Thin Film for NO2 Gas Sensor

Tiwari

2009

Polym. J.

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The vacuum-deposited thin film of hydrated tungsten oxide (WO 3 . nH 2 O) embedded poly(o-phenylenediamine) (PoPD/ WO 3 . nH 2 O) nanocomposite was fabricated on an indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass surface for potential NO 2 gas sensor application. The resulting PoPD/WO 3 . nH 2 O/ITO thin film was characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UVvis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and electron microscopy (SEM). The composite thin film exhibited a crystalline surface morphology containing nanocrystalls of WO 3 . nH 2 O with a diameter ranging from 5 to 10 nm. The PoPD/WO 3 . nH 2 O/ITO film allowed for the low potential detection of NO 2 gas at concentration range from 0 to 1800 ppm. The NO 2 gas sensing characteristics were studied by measuring change in the current with respect to concentration and time. The current of the PoPD/WO 3 . nH 2 O/ITO film was linearly increased with an increase in concentration of NO 2 gas with a response of $9 s.KEY WORDS: Poly(o-phenylenediamine) / Hydrated Tungsten Oxide / Vacuum-Deposition / Thin Film / Nanocomposite / NO 2 Gas Sensor / NO 2 gas is a common air pollutant and its detection from the combustion environment is an obvious requirement. The gas sensors based on metal oxides are widely used for the detection of gases.1-3 Among them, tungsten oxide (WO 3 ) is one of the most attractive technological materials for gas sensors because of its distinctive electrochromic and catalytic properties. [4][5][6][7] Recently, different types of potentiometric and amperometric gas sensors have been developed using WO 3 in the various forms such as sintered block, thick film and thin film as sensing probes.6-9 However, these sensors could provide precise data only in a limited concentration range. Also, they are expensive, large in size, and cannot operate at room temperature. With the advent of nanotechnology, nanostructured materials with novel characteristics provide new opportunities to address these challenges.Gas sensors based on nanostructured materials have attracted much attention because of their increased sensitivity due to the high surface-to-volume ratios.10 Recent development of polymer-metal nanocomposites, with every imaginable combination of physical and chemical characteristics, has led to the fabrication of efficient gas sensors that can be used for a wide range of sensor applications. 11,12 Polymer nanocomposites are easy to prepare and possess high sensing efficiency with a long shelf-life. Therefore in this work, we explore a novel material based on poly(o-phenylenediamine) (PoPD/WO 3 . nH 2 O) nanocomposite for NO 2 gas sensor application.Poly(o-phenylenediamine), PoPD is a polyaniline derivative which can be realized via substitution of an amino group in an aniline nucleus. The oxidative polymer of o-phenylenediamine has apparently shown different characteristics of molecular structure and properties in comparison with polyaniline. It is widely used as electrochemical reduction catalyst, anticorrosion co...

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Synthesis of rectangular tubes of polyaniline/NiO composites

Cited by 65 publications

References 36 publications

Self‐Assembled Polyaniline Nanotubes with Rectangular Cross‐Sections

Self‐Assembled Polyaniline Nanotubes with Rectangular Cross‐Sections

A simple one‐step chemical route to gold/polymer core/shell composites and polymer hollow spheres

Vacuum-Deposited Poly(o-phenylenediamine)/WO3·nH2O Nanocomposite Thin Film for NO2 Gas Sensor

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