Synthesis of Prussian Blue Nanoparticles and Their Antibacterial, Antiinflammation and Antitumor Applications

Abstract

In recent years, Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs), also named Prussian blue nano-enzymes, have been shown to demonstrate excellent multi-enzyme simulation activity and anti-inflammatory properties, and can be used as reactive oxygen scavengers. Their good biocompatibility and biodegradability mean that they are ideal candidates for in vivo use. PBNPs are highly efficient electron transporters with oxidation and reduction activities. PBNPs also show considerable promise as nano-drug carriers and biological detection sensors owing to their huge specific surface area, good chemical characteristics, and changeable qualities, which might considerably increase the therapeutic impact. More crucially, PBNPs, as therapeutic and diagnostic agents, have made significant advances in biological nanomedicine. This review begins with a brief description of the synthesis methods of PBNPs, then focuses on the applications of PBNPs in tissue regeneration and inflammation according to the different properties of PBNPs. This article will provide a timely reference for further study of PBNPs as therapeutic agents.

Progress in the preparation of Prussian blue-based nanomaterials for biomedical applications

“…In recent years, many studies have proposed a low-temperature and low-pressure hydrothermal method for the synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles to simplify the preparation process. [43][44][45][46] The hydrothermal method of PB is usually prepared by selecting a precursor, a reducing agent or a dispersing agent, and hydrochloric acid, then using water as a solvent, and using a water bath at high temperature and high pressure or low-temperature and low-pressure. Kitagawa et al successfully prepared PBNPs with a size in the range of 10-30 nm by a hydrothermal method with equimolar amounts of FeCl 2 and K 3 Fe(CN) 6 using PVP as a dispersant, in which a part of the amide in the PVP was combined with the external iron ions, providing steric stability to nanoparticles.…”

Recent Advances in ROS-Scavenging Metallic Nanozymes for Anti-Inflammatory Diseases: A Review

“… 101 In recent years, PBNs have been investigated extensively for ROS scavenging and treating ROS-associated diseases such as ischemic stroke, 102 arthritis, neuroinflammation, 103 skin inflammation, 101 inflammatory bowel disease, and sepsis. 104 Mathew et al 60 demonstrated the role of PBNs in ROS scavenging and treating bacterial infection in mice. A hyaluronic-acid-coated PB NP (HAPB) was developed, where the hyaluronic acid coating stabilized the insoluble PB and helped to target inflammatory macrophages.…”

Current and future outlook of loaded components in hydrogel composites for the treatment of chronic diabetic ulcers

“… Li D et al (2022) developed an injectable bioglass/sodium alginate (BG/SA) hydrogel loaded with MMP-siNPs to inhibit chronic inflammation in chronic diabetic ulcers since BG products can stimulate macrophages to convert to the M2 phenotype. In addition, Lee and Lin (2022) prepared a chitosan-based heterogeneous composite hydrogel loaded with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and factor (EGF) and polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB), named PE-ENP-PCH.…”

“…The investigators applied this property to the antimicrobial treatment of chronic diabetic wounds. A study by Li D et al (2022) involved the development of a guanosine-tetramer (G 4 )-hydrogel. It was shown that this method achieves efficient inactivation of drug-resistant bacteria while avoiding the use of antibiotic-like drugs, providing a very good approach for the future treatment of diabetic wounds.…”