Synthesis of proton exchange membranes for dual-chambered microbial fuel cells

Abstract

Proton exchange membranes (PEMs) were synthesized using three different compositions of poly(oxyethylene) (POE), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), chitosan (CS) and phosphoric acid (

Integral Backstepping Control of Two Compartment Microbial Fuel Cell

“…Proton exchange membranes (PEMs) normally allow ions to flow while restricts entry of substrate and oxygen [7]. The development of different types of membranes and how it affects MFC performance are discussed in [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Ion exchange membranes have significant effects on stability and performance, which has created rapid demand.…”

“…The control objective is to develop an efficacious scheme to track desired response [37][38]. Generalized mathematical equations for applying a integral back stepping algorithm are as follows 𝑥1 = x2 and 𝑥2= a + bu (24) where a and b are the parameters or constant terms of the system Tracking errors e1 and e2 are defined as e1 = x1d -x1, e2 = x2d -x2 (25) where x1d is desired tracking path.x2d is the virtual control which is defined as x2d = c1e1+𝑥1d+λχ (26) such that χ =∫ 𝑒1(τ)dτ shows the integral action Using (25), we get…”

Application of microbial fuel cell for simultaneous treatment of metallurgical and municipal wastewater - а laboratory study

“…1a). 10,11 There are few types of MFC systems, and this separate system is applied only to the two-chamber MFC system. In the anode compartment, bacteria are used as catalysts to break down organic matter to carbon dioxide, protons, and electrons through respiration mechanisms, but in the absence of oxygen.…”