Synthesis of Propylene/1‐Butene Copolymers with Ziegler‐Natta Catalyst in Gas‐Phase Copolymerizations, 1

Abstract

Summary: The appropriate choice of comonomers can be used to create a wide range of polymer properties, leading to considerable improvement of product performance. Experimental runs were performed to evaluate the effect of 1‐butene on the crystallinity, the melt temperature and the molecular weight distribution (MWD) of the final propylene/1‐butene copolymer resins. According to the results obtained, the melt temperature of the copolymer material can be reduced significantly compared to that of the polypropylene homopolymer. The incorporation of 1‐butene into the copolymer chain leads to a decrease of the sealing initiation temperatures of propylene polymer resins. GPC analyses of copolymer samples showed that 1‐butene concentration does not seem to significantly influence either the shape of the MWD or the polydispersity indexes for a given set of reaction conditions. Therefore, a family of propylene/1‐butene random copolymers grades can be successfully developed for gas phase processes for packaging and film applications.

Effective (n-6) Lennard-Jones Potentials with Temperature-Dependent Parameters Introduced for Accurate Calculation of Equilibrium and Transport Properties of Ethene, Propene, Butene, and Cyclopropane

“…Especially ethene (ethylene, C 2 H 4 ), propene (propylene, C 3 H 6 ), 1-butene (1-butylene), cis -2-butene ( cis -2-butylene), and iso - butene (iso-butylene, all butenes C 4 H 8 ) are important monomers in the polymer industry . In many cases, the polymerization is carried out in the gas phase using not only the pure monomers but also binary and ternary mixtures of some alkenes. − It is clear that for a better understanding and modeling of the underlying physical and chemical processes the thermophysical and thermochemical properties of the alkenes must be known. To this end, many experimental and theoretical studies on the thermophysical properties and the equation of state of the lower alkenes have been carried out. − These studies are augmented by detailed analyses of the underlying intermolecular interaction potentials. − Knowing the intermolecular interaction energy U ( R ,ω) as a function of distance R and mutual orientation ω, some of the thermophysical properties of bulk matter can be calculated .…”

“…1 In many cases, the polymerization is carried out in the gas phase using not only the pure monomers but also binary and ternary mixtures of some alkenes. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] It is clear that for a better understanding and modeling of the underlying physical and chemical processes the thermophysical and thermochemical properties of the alkenes must be known. To this end, many experimental and theoretical studies on the thermophysical properties and the equation of state of the lower alkenes have been carried out.…”

Liquid Pool Copolymerization of Propylene/1‐Butene with a MgCl2‐Supported Ziegler‐Natta Catalyst

“…This is also supported by independent experimental gas-phase propylene/1-butene polymerizations, which indicate that both reactivity ratios are close to 1 and the polymerizations rates are not affected much by the 1-butene. [17] Different values of the reactivity ratios for propylene/1-butene copolymerizations have been reported in the literature. [4][5][6][7] The reactivity ratio is influenced strongly by different factors, such as the temperature, nature and concentration of the solvent, process type, analytical procedure used to generate the data, estimation method used, and so on.…”

Sequential two-stage polymerization for synthesis of isotactic polypropylene/isotactic polybutene-1 alloys: composition, morphology and granule growing mechanism

“…1, no melting peaks were observed for fraction A, indicating that fraction A was an amorphous polymer. The 13 C-NMR spectra of the A fraction showed no chemical shifts appearing at 43.03-43.51 ppm, indicating no BP dyad sequence in fraction A 25 (Fig. 2a).…”