Synthesis of porous carbon from petroleum coke using steam, potassium and sodium: Combining treatments to create mesoporosity

Virla, Luis D.; Montes, Vicente; Wu, Jingfeng; Ketep, Stéphanie F.; Hill, Josephine M.

doi:10.1016/j.micromeso.2016.07.022

Cited by 51 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…In the literature, there are few studies on physical activation using steam or carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and on chemical activation using potassium hydroxide (KOH), potassium chloride (KCl), phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ), etc. [17][18][19]. Particularly, the CH 4 storage capacity of activated carbon by H 3 PO 4 (14 mmol CH 4 /g-AC) followed by chemical activation is higher than that of KCl (9 mmol CH 4 /g-AC) [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Effects of Methane Storage Capacity Using Upgraded Activated Carbon by KOH

et al. 2018

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In this study, a feasible experiment on adsorbed natural gas (ANG) was performed using activated carbons (ACs) with high surface areas. Upgraded ACs were prepared using chemical activation with potassium hydroxide, and were then applied as adsorbents for methane (CH4) storage. This study had three principal objectives: (i) upgrade ACs with high surface areas; (ii) evaluate the factors regulating CH4 adsorption capacity; and (iii) assess discharge conditions for the delivery of CH4. The results showed that upgraded ACs with surface areas of 3052 m2/g had the highest CH4 storage capacity (0.32 g-CH4/g-ACs at 3.5 MPa), which was over two times higher than the surface area and storage capacity of low-grade ACs (surface area = 1152 m2/g, 0.10 g-CH4/g-ACs). Among the factors such as surface area, packing density, and heat of adsorption in the ANG system, the heat of adsorption played an important role in controlling CH4 adsorption. The released heat also affected the CH4 storage and enhanced available applications. During the discharge of gas from the ANG system, the residual amount of CH4 increased as the temperature decreased. The amount of delivered gas was confirmed using different evacuation flow rates at 0.4 MPa, and the highest efficiency of delivery was 98% at 0.1 L/min. The results of this research strongly suggested that the heat of adsorption should be controlled by both recharging and discharging processes to prevent rapid temperature change in the adsorbent bed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Effects of Methane Storage Capacity Using Upgraded Activated Carbon by KOH

et al. 2018

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“…AC has been commercially available and is normally an expensive material to be used for adsorption. Many researchers across the world have tried to synthesize AC materials from agricultural wastes, polymers, coal, and coke, etc. − To avoid secondary pollution which might be caused by spent adsorbents, the activated carbon which had adsorbed Cr(VI) could be applied as colorants in preparing Na 2 O-CaO–SiO 2 glasses. The problem is that the AC powder is floating on the surface of water, which will affect the efficiency of the adsorbent, and the spent AC is difficult to collect from water after the water treatment because of the lightweight feature of AC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waste Glass Fiber Fabric as a Support for Facile Synthesis of Microporous Carbon To Adsorb Cr(VI) from Wastewater

Huang

Mishra

Liu

2017

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Activated carbon coated glass fiber fabric (AC@GFF) was successfully synthesized by the carbonization of polyvinylpyrrolidone with the assistance of KOH onto waste glass fiber fabric (GFF). The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, N 2 -sorption, FTIR, XPS, TG, and DSC measurements. It is shown that KOH not only acted as an activator during the carbonization process but also facilitated the adherence of PVP onto the surface of the glass fibers by increasing the viscosity of the PVP precursor solutions. The prepared AC@GFF was applied to uptake Cr(VI) from synthetic wastewater, and the factors such as the pH, initial concentration of adsorbate, contact time, and adsorption temperature influencing the adsorption of the Cr(VI) were investigated. The adsorption data were fitted with the isotherm and kinetic models. The adsorption of metal ions by the AC@GFF from a real metal passivation wastewater proved that the synthesized adsorbent was highly selective to Cr(VI) against its inferring Zn(II). The spent adsorbent together with the adsorbed Cr ions was used as an effective glass colorant. The method provided a sustainable entrapment of toxic chromium ions in a glass matrix to produce a color glass, eliminating pollutions from the Cr(VI), waste GFF, and spent adsorbent.

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“…This was mainly because of its Ca and Mg content, which promoted the water−gas shift reaction. 10,11,49,50 Figure 5c shows the trend in the H 2 /CO ratio as a function of Ca + Mg content in both olive pomace and olive stone. Note that the higher the Ca + Mg content, the higher the H 2 /CO ratio was in both raw materials.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may be associated with the effect of K and Si on gasification. The positive effect of K is well known, whose rapid diffusion through the carbon matrix can lead to the formation of micropores or mesopores, which increases the reaction rate and gasification reactivity. , Thus, an increase in K should enhance gasification reactivity. In this respect, Figure a shows the trend in reactivity as a function of K in the olive pomace samples.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olive Waste Valorization Through TGA-MS Gasification: A Diatomaceous Earth Effect

Puig-Gamero

Sánchez-Silva

Sánchez

2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The effect of diatomaceous earth on gasification of olive pomace and olive stone was studied by thermogravimetric analysis with mass spectrometry (TGA-MS). Additionally, gas emissions, the H2/CO ratio, and gasification reactivity were evaluated. First, a preliminary study of the effect of particle size on olive waste gasification was performed to select the most appropriate from a technical and industrial point of view. With olive pomace, the larger the particle size, the lower H2/CO and reactivity. However, with olive stone, optimum results were observed with the largest particles. Subsequently, olive waste was mixed with different percentages (10, 25, and 50 wt %) of diatomaceous earth. When olive pomace contained diatomaceous earth, even though there was no substantial improvement in reactivity, syngas quality in terms of H2/CO was significantly enhanced and increased by up to four times. However, the diatomaceous earth effect on olive stone gasification was more remarkable, enhancing both reactivity and the H2/CO ratio. Different behaviors in the biomasses were due to the different impacts of the alkali and alkaline earth metals on the diatomaceous earth. Whereas both of these made positive contributions to the olive stone, only the latter had a significant influence on olive pomace.

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Synthesis of porous carbon from petroleum coke using steam, potassium and sodium: Combining treatments to create mesoporosity

Cited by 51 publications

References 60 publications

The Effects of Methane Storage Capacity Using Upgraded Activated Carbon by KOH

The Effects of Methane Storage Capacity Using Upgraded Activated Carbon by KOH

Waste Glass Fiber Fabric as a Support for Facile Synthesis of Microporous Carbon To Adsorb Cr(VI) from Wastewater

Olive Waste Valorization Through TGA-MS Gasification: A Diatomaceous Earth Effect

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