Synthesis of polystyrene with cyclic, ionized and neutralized end groups and the self-assemblies templated by breath figures

Zhu, Lingjun; Yang, Wu; Ou, Yang; Wan, Ling‐Shu; Xu, Zhi‐Kang

doi:10.1039/c4py00101j

Cited by 29 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…The effects of hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity could be manipulated by the variations of the polymer end groups. Zhu et al [44] synthesized several polystyrenes (PSs) with different functional end groups, and fabricated honeycomb-like films from their polymer solutions (in CS 2 ) via the BF process. Highly-ordered honeycomb-like films were obtained from the PSs with ionized or neutralized end groups, whereas the irregular structure was observed on the PS sample with a less hydrophilic lactone end group.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Search of a Green Process: Polymeric Films with Ordered Arrays via a Water Droplet Technique

Yeh

Huang

et al. 2019

Polymers

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As an efficient technique for the preparation of polymeric hexagonal orderly arrays, the breath figure (BF) process has opened a modern avenue for a bottom-up fabrication method for more than two decades. Through the use of the water vapor condensation on the solution surface, the water droplets will hexagonally pack into ordered arrays, acting as a template for controlling the regular micro patterns of polymeric films. Comparing to the top-down techniques, such as lithography or chemical etching, the use of water vapor as the template provides a simple fabrication process with sustainability. However, using highly hazardous solvents such as chloroform, carbon disulfide (CS2), benzene, dichloromethane, etc., to dissolve polymers might hinder the development toward green processes based on this technique. In this review, we will touch upon the contemporary techniques of the BF process, including its up-to-date applications first. More importantly, the search of greener processes along with less hazardous solvents for the possibility of a more sustainable BF process is the focal point of this review.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Search of a Green Process: Polymeric Films with Ordered Arrays via a Water Droplet Technique

Yeh

Huang

et al. 2019

Polymers

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“…[ 40 ] and Zhu et al . [ 41 ] researched the effects of polar end groups and the cyclic topology on the nature of stabilization of templating droplets, as shown in Figure 2.…”

Section: Membrane Morphology Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zhu et al . [ 41,59 ] synthesized a series of functionalized PS by ATRP…”

Section: Functional Modification Of Bf Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ordered Honeycomb‐Pattern Membrane^†

Yuan

Dai

et al. 2020

Chin. J. Chem.

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Ordered porous membranes have wide and important application prospects in the fields of filtration, separation, catalysis, biomedicine, etc., and have attracted growing interest in the field of material science. Among diverse membrane preparation approaches, breath pattern method has been widely concerned due to its simplicity in the preparation, ease in tuning the structure/property and functionality of formed membranes, and broad utility for various polymers. With the development of material design, the application spectrum of breath figure membrane has been greatly expanded. However, since the pore morphology of porous membrane is influenced by many factors, the controlling mechanism of normalization has not been clear yet. In this paper, the research progress of film-forming materials in recent years is reviewed, and the correlation between pore formation and pore morphology is discussed in details. This information will provide a systematic and in-depth perspective for research in this filed and an important guideline for the preparation of the ordered porous films with divergent applications. Hua Yuan (left) is an associate professor in College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, China. She received her doctorate from Shandong University in China in 2013. She is mainly engaged in the research of carbon fiber, composites and microfiltration membrane. Guangzhen Li (middle) is a graduate student in the College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, China. He graduated with a bachelor's degree in engineering from Qingdao University in 2019. His current research focuses on the structural design and functionalization of membrane materials. Enhao Dai (right) is a graduate student of the College of Materials Science and Engineering of Qingdao University. He received a bachelor's degree in engineering from Yantai University in 2018. Currently, he mainly studies carbon fiber modification.

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“…α-position relative to the carbonyl group, is the most versatile synthetic intermediate [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. α-Bromolactones are widely used as synthetic intermediates for functional materials and pharmaceuticals, as well as initiators in atom-transfer living radical polymerization (ATRP) reactions and functional polymer synthesis [29][30][31][32][33][34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A two-phase bromination process using tetraalkylammonium hydroxide for the practical synthesis of α-bromolactones from lactones

Yamamoto¹,

Tabuchi²,

Hosono³

et al. 2021

Beilstein J. Org. Chem.

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A simple and efficient method for α-brominating lactones that affords α-bromolactones under mild conditions using tetraalkylammonium hydroxide (R4N+OH−) as a base was developed. Lactones are ring-opened with Br2 and a substoichiometric amount of PBr3, leading to good yields of the corresponding α-bromocarboxylic acids. Subsequent intramolecular cyclization over 1 h using a two-phase system (H2O/CHCl3) containing R4N+OH− afforded α-bromo lactones in good yields. This method can be applied at the 10 mmol scale using simple operations. α-Bromo-δ-valerolactone, which is extremely reactive and difficult to isolate, could be isolated and stored in a freezer for about one week using the developed method. Optimizing the solvent for environmentally friendly large-scale syntheses revealed that methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) was as effective. In addition, in situ-generated α-bromo-δ-valerolactone was directly converted into a sulfur-substituted functional lactone without difficulty by reacting it with a sulfur nucleophile in one pot without isolation. This new bromination system is expected to facilitate the industrial use of α-bromolactones as important intermediates.

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Synthesis of polystyrene with cyclic, ionized and neutralized end groups and the self-assemblies templated by breath figures

Abstract: Polymers with functional end groups are synthesized using a cyclic lactone ATRP initiator for honeycomb-patterned porous films by the breath figure method.

Cited by 29 publications

References 57 publications

In Search of a Green Process: Polymeric Films with Ordered Arrays via a Water Droplet Technique

In Search of a Green Process: Polymeric Films with Ordered Arrays via a Water Droplet Technique

Ordered Honeycomb‐Pattern Membrane^†

A two-phase bromination process using tetraalkylammonium hydroxide for the practical synthesis of α-bromolactones from lactones

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Synthesis of polystyrene with cyclic, ionized and neutralized end groups and the self-assemblies templated by breath figures

Abstract: Polymers with functional end groups are synthesized using a cyclic lactone ATRP initiator for honeycomb-patterned porous films by the breath figure method.

Cited by 29 publications

References 57 publications

In Search of a Green Process: Polymeric Films with Ordered Arrays via a Water Droplet Technique

In Search of a Green Process: Polymeric Films with Ordered Arrays via a Water Droplet Technique

Ordered Honeycomb‐Pattern Membrane†

A two-phase bromination process using tetraalkylammonium hydroxide for the practical synthesis of α-bromolactones from lactones

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Ordered Honeycomb‐Pattern Membrane^†