Synthesis of polystyrene/polythiophene core/shell nanoparticles by dual initiation

Lee, Seung Mo; Lee, Sun Jong; Kim, Jung Hyun; Cheong, In Woo

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2011.07.011

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Conducting polymers have attracted significant attention in recent decades because of their wide range of potential applications in various fields such as organic photovoltaic devices, chemical sensors, corrosion devices and organic field‐effect transistors . In particular, conjugated PTh stands out as one of the most promising members of the conjugated polymer family because of its excellent environmental stability, thermal stability and mechanical strength . The main drawback of unsubstituted PTh similar to other π‐conjugated polymers is lack of solubility which explains its limited processability due to its rigid backbone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graft copolymerization of thiophene onto polystyrene synthesized via nitroxide-mediated polymerization and its polymer − clay nanocomposite

2013

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A new strategy for graft copolymerization of thiophene onto a polystyrene (PSt) backbone by a multi-step process is suggested and the effects of an organoclay on the final properties of the graft copolymer sample are described. For this purpose, first poly(styrene-co-4-chloromethyl styrene) [P(St-co-CMSt)] was synthesized via nitroxide-mediated polymerization. Afterwards, the chlorine groups of P(St-co-CMSt) were converted to thiophene groups using the Kumada cross-coupling reaction and thiophene-functionalized PSt multicenter macromonomer (ThPStM) was synthesized. The graft copolymerization of thiophene monomers onto PSt was initiated by oxidized thiophene groups in the PSt chains after addition of ferric chloride (FeCl 3 ), an oxidative catalyst for polythiophene synthesis, and FeCl 3 -doped polythiophene was chemically grafted onto PSt chains via oxidation polymerization. The graft copolymer obtained was characterized by 1 H NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and its electroactivity behavior was verified under cyclic voltammetric conditions. Finally, PSt-g-PTh/montmorillonite nanocomposite was prepared by a solution intercalation method. The level of dispersion of organoclay and the microstructure of the resulting nanocomposite were probed by means of XRD and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the addition of only a small amount of organoclay (5 wt%) was enough to improve the thermal stabilities of the nanocomposite.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graft copolymerization of thiophene onto polystyrene synthesized via nitroxide-mediated polymerization and its polymer − clay nanocomposite

2013

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“…Mass losses up to 250 °C are especially more important for DSC. TGA results clearly show that the endothermic peaks observed between 50 and 250 °C in the DSC thermograms are related to mass losses . No systematic variation in mass losses determined from TGA, as for the DSC results, is observed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 66%

Power-law conductivity in polythiophene/copper(II) acetylacetonate composites

Erdönmez

Özkazanç

2013

Polym. Int.

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This paper reports the charge transport mechanism of polythiophene (PT) matrix composites having various concentrations of copper(II) acetylacetonate. Characterization and structural analyses of the samples were carried out via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The alternating current electrical properties were investigated as a function of temperature. The change of free energy of adsorption calculated from the Langmuir adsorption isotherm showed that metal ions were electrostatically adsorbed onto polymer chains. Significant morphological changes were observed from SEM images of PT depending on doping process which in turn affected the thermal degradation of PT. The charge transport mechanism determined from a power law showed that there was one frequency-dependent conductivity region for PT, while there were two regions for the composites in contrast to studies reported in the literature.

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“…Figure represents the synthetic mechanism and schematic illustration of the doped PPy nanocomplexes proposed for the Fe 3+ ‐catalyzed oxidative polymerization, as well as the in situ doping step in the presence of PSSA, HCl, and HClO 4 as the stabilizer and dopant. The synthetic route is similar to our previous work on conductive PPy and PTh where the polymer nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized by Fe 3+ ‐catalyzed oxidative polymerization in an aqueous medium. This facile method includes a FeCl 3 /H 2 O 2 [catalyst (1st)/oxidant (2nd)] combination system, which guarantees less use of initiators and high monomer percent conversion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Synthesis and in situ doping of highly conductive polypyrrole nanocomplexes with binary acids

Lee

Ryu

et al. 2014

J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem.

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The synthesis of doped polypyrrole (PPy) nanocomplexes and their size, morphology, doping level, and electrical conductivity are discussed. The synthetic route of doped PPy nanocomplexes is presented by means of the chemical oxidative polymerization and in situ doping process in the presence of a binary acid mixture (hydrochloric acid and perchloric acid). The electrical conductivities of the doped PPy nanocomplexes are enhanced from 0.88 to 4.5 S/cm by the optimum molar ratio of HClO 4 and HCl in the binary acid mixture. In addition, the average particle size of the doped PPy nanocomplexes decreases from 280 to 30 nm with a narrow particle size distribution when increasing the proportion of HClO 4 relative to HCl in the binary acid mixture; this result is confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and capillary hydrodynamic fractionation instrument analyses. Moreover, at different molar ratios in the binary acid mixture, the zeta-potential and oxidation level of the doped PPy nanocomplexes have a confirmed association with particle size and electrical properties.

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Synthesis of polystyrene/polythiophene core/shell nanoparticles by dual initiation

Cited by 15 publications

References 31 publications

Graft copolymerization of thiophene onto polystyrene synthesized via nitroxide-mediated polymerization and its polymer − clay nanocomposite

Graft copolymerization of thiophene onto polystyrene synthesized via nitroxide-mediated polymerization and its polymer − clay nanocomposite

Power-law conductivity in polythiophene/copper(II) acetylacetonate composites

Synthesis and in situ doping of highly conductive polypyrrole nanocomplexes with binary acids

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