Synthesis of polystyrene–clay nanocomposites

Fu, Xaoan; Qutubuddin, Syed

doi:10.1016/s0167-577x(99)00151-2

Cited by 200 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The obtained Mod-MMT has a more hydrophobic character and is incorporated into the thermoplastic polymer matrix to produce PCN materials. The incorporation of Mod-MMT into a polymer matrix was first disclosed by Nahin and Backlund of Union Oil Co. [5], and subsequentially PCNs have been shown to frequently exhibit better mechanical and chemical properties, compared with their macrocomposite counterparts [6,7,8], due to the dimension and microstructure of the dispersed phase of the Mod-MMT, which significantly affects the properties of the PCNs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified Bentonite Clay in UV-Curable Coating Applications

Jiratumnukul¹,

Manowanna²,

Premmag³

2012

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Abstract. Modified bentonite clay was prepared by cationic exchange between the Na+ ions of montmorillonite in bentonite clay and two types of alkyl amines; hexadecylamine (primary amine) and hexadecyl trimethyl amine (tertiary amine). From the XRD analysis it was found that the primary amine-modified bentonite clay provided a greater inter-layer spacing than that with the tertiary amine-modified bentonite clay, although both were significantly higher when compared to the unmodified bentonite clay. The modified clay intercalated structure was then incorporated into a UV-curable coating formulation using epoxidized linseed oil acrylate as an oligomer to form a polymer clay nanocomposite. Energy consumption in the curing process and the physical properties of the cured films were studied as a function of the amount of modified clay incorporated into the coating formulations. The energy consumption in the curing process increased and hardness and flexibility of the cured films also improved.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified Bentonite Clay in UV-Curable Coating Applications

Jiratumnukul¹,

Manowanna²,

Premmag³

2012

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“…In situ incorporation is an effective route to obtain polystyrene/clay nanocomposites [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Nonetheless, the compatibility between monomer and organoclay is a critical factor in determining the microstructure of nanocomposites obtained through in situ incorporation [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swelling of organoclays in styrene. Effect on flammability in polystyrene nanocomposites

Timochenco¹,

Grassi²,

Pizzol³

et al. 2010

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. In this work the effect of the compatibility between organoclays and styrene on the flammability of polystyrene/clay nanocomposites obtained through in situ incorporation was investigated. The reactions were carried out by bulk polymerization. The compatibility between organoclays and styrene was inferred from swelling of the organoclay in styrene. The nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction and Transmission Electron Microscopy. The heat release rate was obtained by Cone Calorimeter and the nanocomposites were tested by UL94 horizontal burn test. Results showed that intercalated and partially exfoliated polystyrene/clay nanocomposites were obtained depending on the swelling behavior of the organoclay in styrene. The nanocomposites submitted to UL94 burning test presented a burning rate faster than the virgin polystyrene (PS), however an increase of the decomposition temperature and an accentuated decrease on the peak of heat release of the nanocomposites were also observed compared to virgin PS. These results indicate that PS/clay nanocomposites, either intercalated or partially exfoliated, reduced the flammability approximately by the same extent, although reduced the ignition resistance of the PS.

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“…To bypass problems 1 and 2, PS-based PNC were prepared starting with organoclay pre-intercalated with a vinyl-terminated reactive compound, viz. vinyl benzyl di-methyl dodecyl ammonium chloride (7,8), vinyl triethoxy silane (used with cetyl pyridium chloride) (7), or vinyl benzyl di-methyl ethanol ammonium chloride (9). A high degree of exfoliation was obtained, the dispersion of the end tethered clay platelets was stable, but the reaction still required 15 h.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Melt compounding of different grades of polystyrene with organoclay. Part 1: Compounding and characterization

Tanoue

Utracki

García‐Rejón

et al. 2004

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Nanocomposites of polystyrene (PS) with up to 20 wt% organoclay were prepared by melt compounding in a co‐rotating, intermeshing twin‐screw extruder. Three grades of PS with different molecular weights were used. In this paper we discuss preparation and characterization of the mixtures. Residence time and its distribution were measured by ultrasonics (US). They were found to be independent of the PS grade, but the US attenuation and sound velocity varied with the organoclay loading. According to the XRD diffraction data, the organoclay was dispersed into two types of platelet stacks evidenced by the diffraction peaks at about 2θ = 2.1 and 5.5°, i.e., with the interlayer spacings of d001 = 4.20 and 1.6 nm, respectively. Since neat organoclay has d001 = 1.93 nm, the first peak indicates intercalation by PS and the other a collapse of the interlamellar gallery during compounding. The XRD spectra depended on the organoclay content, but not on PS grade. According to TEM analysis, the degree of intercalation of organoclay in the polymer matrix is highest for the low‐molecular‐weight polystyrene. TEM results also confirm the collapse of interlamellar spacing in parts of the samples. FT‐IR spectroscopy showed that there was some thermal degradation of the onium compound present in the nanoclay. Polym. Eng. Sci. 44:1046–1060, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.

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Synthesis of polystyrene–clay nanocomposites

Cited by 200 publications

References 17 publications

Modified Bentonite Clay in UV-Curable Coating Applications

Modified Bentonite Clay in UV-Curable Coating Applications

Swelling of organoclays in styrene. Effect on flammability in polystyrene nanocomposites

Melt compounding of different grades of polystyrene with organoclay. Part 1: Compounding and characterization

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