Synthesis of Polypyrrole and Its Derivatives as a Liquid Marble Stabilizer via a Solvent-Free Chemical Oxidative Polymerization Protocol

Abstract

Solvent-free chemical oxidative polymerizations of pyrrole and its derivatives, namely N -methylpyrrole and N -ethylpyrrole, were conducted by mechanical mixing of monomer and solid FeCl 3 oxidant under nitrogen atmosphere. Polymerizations occurred at the surface of the oxidant, and optical and scanning electron microscopy studies confirmed production of atypical grains with diameters of a few tens of micrometers. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies indicated the presence of hydroxy and carbonyl groups which were introduced during the polymerization due to overoxidation. The polymer grains were doped with chloride ions, and the chloride ion dopant could be removed by dedoping using an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, which was confirmed by elemental microanalysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies. Water contact angle measurements confirmed that the larger the alkyl group on the nitrogen of pyrrole ring the higher the hydrophobicity and that the contact angles increased after dedoping in all cases. The grains before and after dedoping exhibited photothermal properties: the near-infrared laser irradiation induced a rapid temperature increase to greater than 430 °C. Furthermore, dedoped poly( N -ethylpyrrole) grains adsorbed to the air–water interface and could work as an effective liquid marble stabilizer. The resulting liquid marble could move on a planar water surface due to near-infrared laser-induced Marangoni flow and could disintegrate by exposure to acid vapor via redoping of the poly( N -ethylpyrrole) grains.

Network Security Protocol Testing Technology Based on Wireless Communication System

“…The host combines and decodes all the received signals according to certain decoding rules to recover the information sent by the source. The basic collaboration methods can be generally grouped and classified according to the signal processing method and the source of the forwarded signal [5].…”

Reciprocating Oscillation of a Floating Ferrofluid Marble Triggered by Magnetic Fields

“…where ρ, g, and H represent the density of the liquid, the acceleration of gravity, and the maximum height of the FM, respectively. The movement of the marbles is quantified by measuring and calculating V−Bo: gr Bo eff 2 LM (13) Figure 7 depicts the effect of two regulating mechanisms on the marble speeds within the range of 0.1−8.2 cm/s. We know that the nonuniform magnetic field provides the energy source for the FM movement, and the marbles are in an equilibrium condition of kinetic energy, magnetic potential energy, and friction loss.…”

“…It provides a considerable benefit for enhancing and expanding the mode of transport for tiny liquids as well as for other microfluidic applications. The marbles’ response characteristics can be controlled by altering their composition and structure, which can be activated by using optical stimulations, , electric fields, , magnetic fields, , and acoustic handlings . However, precise manipulation of marble motion remains challenging.…”

Polymers based on thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione and pyromellitic diimide by CH–CH arylation reaction for high-performance thin-film transistors

“…Several synthetic methodologies including electrochemical, 1-3 chemical oxidative [4][5][6] and transition metal-catalyzed crosscoupling reactions [7][8][9][10] have been investigated for the synthesis of p-conjugated organic and polymeric materials. Direct C-H arylation reaction has been proved to be a particularly efficient methodology for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds without the use of organometallic nucleophiles.…”