Synthesis of polyacrylonitrile/polystyrene latex particles that contain platinum

Yang, Yuzhen; Daniels, Eric S.; Klein, A.

doi:10.1002/app.41933

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…The initiator V67 was employed for mini-emulsion polymerization based on the recipe of Yang et al 2015. 48 Potassium poly(ethylene glycol) 4nonylphenyl 3-sulfopropylether (KPE) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were used as surfactants.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mini-emulsion is an oil-in-water type of emulsion and results in a physical entrapment of the inorganic molecules in the polymeric surrounding. 48 The experimental procedure involves high-shear treatment (usually by sonication) of a two-phase system comprising an aqueous phase, containing surfactants, and an oil-phase, containing the monomer, a co-stabilizer, an oil-soluble initiator and the metal precursor.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Different Latexes With Incorporated Noble Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…53 In fact, it was reported that adding styrene (stronger hydrophobic behavior) as co-monomer is improving the monodispersity of the obtained polymer CPs. 48 Hence, the presence of styrene is reducing the crystallinity and changing the morphology (more spherical CPs). The droplets are then polymerized when increasing the surrounding temperature, thus "freezing" the structure and embedding the metal precursor in the polymer.…”

Section: Physical Entrapment Via Mini-emulsion Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incorporation and distribution of noble metal atoms in polyacrylonitrile colloidal particles using different polymerization strategies

Beltzung

Colombo

Nachtegaal

et al. 2018

Polymer

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This work is focused on the incorporation of inorganic compounds into an organic framework. More precisely, noble metals are being incorporated in-situ in polyacrylonitrile colloidal particles (CPs) using, scalable and reproducible synthesis routes. For this purpose, oil-soluble platinum-and palladium-based precursors are used for physical entrapment based on mini-emulsion polymerization, while water soluble precursors of the same metals are used for the incorporation via chemical entrapment based on conventional emulsion polymerization. For the latter, it is shown that one can well alter the spatial distribution of the metal within the CPs by tuning the feeding strategy of the precursor. In addition, chemical entrapment requires the complexation of the metal with acrylonitrile, thus resulting in the incorporation of single atoms and dimers, as suggested by both X-ray absorption spectroscopy and indirectly by NMR-titration. The visualization of the extent of incorporation was performed by STEM-EDX on all synthesized CPs, while ICP-OES was applied for a quantitative evaluation. Finally, to prove the absence of large metal aggregates in the samples, high-resolution STEM was applied.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synthesis Of Different Latexes With Incorporated Noble Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physical Entrapment Via Mini-emulsion Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incorporation and distribution of noble metal atoms in polyacrylonitrile colloidal particles using different polymerization strategies

Beltzung

Colombo

Nachtegaal

et al. 2018

Polymer

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“…Note that such results are in contrast to previous results,w here the synthesis of PA Nw as reported as especially challenging in terms of conversion and stability. [40] Gelation There are two main techniques to destabilizeacolloidal dispersionl eading to gelation of nanoparticles:B rownian motioni nduced and shear-induced. [41] Thef ormationo fagel by Brownian motion, i.e., under stagnant conditions,r equires the additiono fe lectrolytes to screen the charges on the surface of the nanoparticles,w hile the shear-induced gelation does not.…”

Section: Particle Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyacrylonitrile Nanoparticle‐Derived Hierarchical Structure for CO₂ Capture

et al. 2018

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The production of porous clusters by controlled aggregation of polyacrylonitrile nanoparticles and thermal treatment, and their application to CO2 capture are reported. The synthesis of the primary particles by emulsion polymerization exhibits good reproducibility and is easy to scale up. The subsequent gelation of the produced latexes (controlled destabilization by salt addition) results in the formation of macroporous monoliths of nanoparticles with a mean pore diameter of 100 nm. A carefully assessed thermal treatment is applied to the dried monolith after grinding. The produced porous clusters are processed with three high‐temperature steps: oxidation, stabilization, and pyrolysis. The latter allows for the creation of micropores in the initially non‐porous nanoparticles, thus enabling access to the remaining nitrogen‐bearing species present in the pyrolyzed polymer. The relative contributions of the remaining nitrogen‐bearing species and of the micropores are elucidated by applying different oxidation temperatures. In particular, the fraction of the pores with diameter smaller than 0.7 nm is decisive in determining the final capture ability. After a treatment including oxidation at 240 °C, stabilization at 350 °C, and pyrolysis at 900 °C, the best reported material shows an average CO2 adsorption capacity of 3.56±0.17 mol (CO2) kg−1 at 0 °C and 1 atm.

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“…It is an economical polymer having scale of production of several million tons per year. Blending of polyacrylonitrile and polystyrene is known in literature [7,8]. PAN/PS blends have shown fine dispersion, thermal stability, and superior physical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and Properties of Polyacrylonitrile/Polystyrene and Carbon Nanoparticle-Based Nanocomposite Foams

Kausar

2019

Advances in Materials Science

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In this study, novel polyacrylonitrile/polystyrene (PAN/PS) blend has been prepared and reinforced with carbon nanoparticle to form polyacrylonitrile/polystyrene/carbon nanoparticle (PAN/PS/CNP) nanocomposite foam. Acid-functional carbon nanoparticle (0.1-3 wt.%) was used as nano-reinforcement for PAN/PS blend matrix. 2’-azobisisobutyronitrile was employed as foaming agent. The PAN/PS/CNP nanocomposite foams have been tested for structure, morphology, mechanical properties, thermal stability, non-flammability, water uptake, and toxic ion removal. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy exposed unique nanocellular morphology owing to physical interaction between the matrix and functional CNP. PAN/PS/CNP 0.1 Foam with 0.1 wt.% nanofiller had compression strength, modulus, and foam density of 41.8 MPa, 22.3 GPa, and 0.9 mgcm−3, respectively. Nanofiller loading of 3wt.% (PAN/PS/CNP 3 Foam) considerably enhanced the compression strength, modulus, and foam density as 68.2 MPa, 37.7 GPa, and 1.9 mgcm−3, respectively. CNP reinforcement also enhanced the initial weight loss and maximum decomposition temperature of PAN/PS/CNP 3 Foam to 541 and 574 ºC, relative to neat foam (T0 = 411 ºC; T10 = 459 ºC). Nanocomposite foams have also shown excellent flame retardancy as V-0 rating and high char yield of up to 57% were attained. Due to hydrophilic nature of functional carbon nanoparticle, water absorption capacity of 3 wt.% nanocomposite foam was 30% higher than that of pristine foam. Moreover, novel foams were also tested for the removal of toxic Pb2+ ions. PAN/PS/CNP 3 Foam has shown much higher ion removal capacity (166 mg/g) and efficiency (99 %) than that of PAN/PS foam having removal capacity and efficiency of 90 mg/g and 45 %, respectively.

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Synthesis of polyacrylonitrile/polystyrene latex particles that contain platinum

Cited by 5 publications

References 22 publications

Incorporation and distribution of noble metal atoms in polyacrylonitrile colloidal particles using different polymerization strategies

Incorporation and distribution of noble metal atoms in polyacrylonitrile colloidal particles using different polymerization strategies

Polyacrylonitrile Nanoparticle‐Derived Hierarchical Structure for CO₂ Capture

Structure and Properties of Polyacrylonitrile/Polystyrene and Carbon Nanoparticle-Based Nanocomposite Foams

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Synthesis of polyacrylonitrile/polystyrene latex particles that contain platinum

Cited by 5 publications

References 22 publications

Incorporation and distribution of noble metal atoms in polyacrylonitrile colloidal particles using different polymerization strategies

Incorporation and distribution of noble metal atoms in polyacrylonitrile colloidal particles using different polymerization strategies

Polyacrylonitrile Nanoparticle‐Derived Hierarchical Structure for CO2 Capture

Structure and Properties of Polyacrylonitrile/Polystyrene and Carbon Nanoparticle-Based Nanocomposite Foams

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Product

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Polyacrylonitrile Nanoparticle‐Derived Hierarchical Structure for CO₂ Capture