Synthesis of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-based molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles containing timolol maleate: morphological, thermal, and drug release along with cell biocompatibility studies

Abstract

a This work was aimed to synthesize and characterize poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) [poly (HEMA)]-based molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (MIP NPs) containing timolol maleate (TM) via precipitation polymerization. The molecular structures of the MIP and non-imprinted polymer (NIP) NPs were compared by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The morphological observations by using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the formation of MIP NPs as small as 128 nm in average diameter with appropriate synthesis conditions. Thermal behaviors of the samples were also studied by the use of thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. By considering a series of key factors such as monomer : template ratio, cross-linker type, pH, and temperature, the sample with promising characteristics was found to be that of HEMA : TM ratio of 10:1, 40 mmol of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as cross-linker, and polymerization temperature of 60°C in acetonitrile as porogenic solvent. Furthermore, the ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometry results proved a controlled release of TM from the MIP NP samples compared with NIP ones at extended periods. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of the MIP and NIP NPs samples was evaluated on mesenchymal stem cells, and the obtained observations showed that they had no adverse side effect on the living cells; especially the surface of the MIP NPs sample depicted highly cellˈs biocompatibility. Finally, the outcomes from designed different experiments conducted us that the HEMA-based MIP NPs have great potential as an ocular nanocarrier for TM delivery.

Poly (methacrylic acid)‐based molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles containing 5‐fluourouracil used in colon cancer therapy potentially

“…In general, the potential of polymer matrices (MIP and NIP) for the detection and absorption of drug is influenced by various factors such as pH, monomer to drug ratio, type of absorption medium, and drug concentration, etc. According to the results of the previous study, the absorption of drug in acidic and non‐acidic environments was not clear very well, but at pH 7.4, there was the greatest difference between MIP and NIP samples, because the concentration of OH − and H + was low, and the drug and monomer were in the best condition for the formation of a bond. In the acidic pH, both the drug and the monomer were protonated, and the monomer was ionized and degraded in the basic pH; consequently, there was no possibility of effective hydrogen bonding between the monomer and the drug.…”

“…In recent years, researchers have clearly shown that nanoscale medical devices are capable of performing very complex tasks, ie, enhanced drug delivery within biological tissues owing to their unique properties . Many studies have been conducted to synthesize and develop nanomaterials used for advanced drug delivery systems, especially hydrophobic medicines which cannot be prescribed without a controlled dose program . In this regard, the application of polymer materials is strongly recommended due to their versatility, suitable physical chemistry characteristics, and ability to conjugate with drug molecules as well as acceptable rate of degradation under appropriate biological conditions, preserving the concentration of drugs in their therapeutic window …”

Zein nanoparticle‐embedded electrospun PVA nanofibers as wound dressing for topical delivery of anti‐inflammatory diclofenac

“…The serum‐free culture medium without sample was chosen as a control group. Cell viability was calculated by the following equation: …”

Additive Manufacturable Materials for Electrochemical Biosensor Electrodes

“…[192] Abbasy et al recently demonstrated that MIPs can exhibit high selectivity for proteins compared to nonimprinted polymers. [193] Moreover, studies have repeatedly demonstrated their stability across different stresses and biocompatibility, [194][195][196] whilst demonstrating enhanced retention of analytes. Their potential is further boosted by the low cost and facile preparation methods needed to achieve the high selectivity.…”