Synthesis of pewter alloy from tin–copper–antimony powder mixtures by microwave and conventional sintering

Abstract

Two compositions of pewter alloy were sintered using both microwave and conventional vacuum sintering, and the effects of sintering time, temperature and weight percentage of copper and antimony on the mechanical and structural properties were examined for both sintering methods. Microwave sintered samples had finer microstructures, higher densities, higher hardness and tensile strength compared to the conventionally sintered samples and traditionally cast pewter. By increasing the copper and antimony contents, higher hardness was achieved. Better mechanical properties were found after microwave sintering after shorter sintering times compared with conventional sintering, but longer sintering times resulted in better diffusion for both sintering methods. The microwave sintered samples in general were capable of achieving similar amounts of diffusion to those conventionally sintered for the same time. But the total sintering process is much faster in microwave heating than in conventional heating due to the rapid heating effect.

A Review of Surface Treatments for Sliding Bearings Used at Different Temperature

“…Therefore, low-temperature and medium-temperature self-lubricating coatings should be prepared by liquid dope spray method, and ultra-high temperature wear-resistant anti-friction coatings should be prepared by thermal spraying. The micro structure of tin and cooper coating made by different manufacturing technologies are shown in Figure 13 [81][82][83][84][85]. The obvious cracks can be found in Figure 13a, b which manufactured by centrifugal casting and powder metallurgy sintering respectively.…”

Microwave sintering response of different grade stainless steels and its influence on metallurgical properties

“…The activated sintering routes were employed by several researchers to remove the interconnected porosity of the P/M steels. They worked on the elemental addition of Si, Cu, Al, Sn, boron, and phosphides to improve the densification and activate the sintering rate [6,7]. Activators enhance the theoretical density to 95%, but the mechanical properties are poor owing to the formation of secondary hard phases along the grain boundaries.…”