Synthesis of Palladium Nanoparticles with Interstitial Carbon by Sonochemical Reduction of Tetrachloropalladate(II) in Aqueous Solution

Okitsu, Kenji; Mizukoshi, Yoshiteru; Bandow, Hiroshi; Yamamoto, Takao A.; Nagata, Yuki; Maeda, Yasuhiro

doi:10.1021/jp970415f

Cited by 77 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Interstitial carbon in Pd may significantly alter the bulk and surface structure of Pd and can lead to catalytic deactivation in reactions involving hydrocarbons [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. It is well known that Pd-Au catalysts exhibit much higher reactivity than pure Pd catalysts for certain reactions, e.g., in vinyl acetate synthesis the reactivity is improved by a factor of 5-7 by mixing Au with Pd [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Formation of PdC_xover Pd-Based Catalysts in Vapor-Phase Vinyl Acetate Synthesis: Does a Pd–Au Alloy Catalyst Resist Carbide Formation?

et al. 2004

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The formation of Pd carbide (PdC x ) during the synthesis of vinyl acetate (VA) was investigated over Pd/SiO 2 catalysts with two different Pd particle sizes, as well as over a Pd-Au/SiO 2 mixed-metal catalyst. XRD data show that PdC x was produced in the pure Pd catalysts after reaction based on the downshift of the Pd (111) and (200) XRD features. The smaller Pd particles showed greater resistance to the formation of PdC x . The XRD and XPS data are consistent with formation of a PdC x species at the surface of the Pd-Au catalyst, however, the primary contributor to the downshift of the Pd(111) feature subsequent to reaction in the mixedmetal catalyst is believed to arise from reaction-induced alloying of Au with Pd. The alloying of Au with Pd is apparently very effective in preventing PdC x formation in Pd-based catalysts for VA synthesis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Formation of PdC_xover Pd-Based Catalysts in Vapor-Phase Vinyl Acetate Synthesis: Does a Pd–Au Alloy Catalyst Resist Carbide Formation?

et al. 2004

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“…More recently, Okitsu et al [21] reported the sonochemical synthesis of Pd nanoparticles on several alcohols, among them the 2-propanol. They found carbonaceous fragments in these Pd nanoparticles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size evolution of palladium nanoparticles from low-temperature solvated atoms

Segura

Cárdenas

2008

Journal of Crystal Growth

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“…Sonochemical reduction of metal ions is also a clean and easy preparation technique of metal nanoparticles [46][47][48]. In sonochemistry, three kinds of reaction should be considered: (a) the interior of the collapsing cavitation bubbles, (b) the interfacial region between bubbles and the bulk solution, and (c) bulk solution.…”

Section: Sonochemical Reduction Of Metal Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Well-Dispersed Bimetallic Nanoparticles

Yonezawa¹

2004

Morphology Control of Materials and Nanoparticles

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Studies on metal nanoparticles have been intensively carried out from a wide variety of scientific and practical interests [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. These nanoparticles consist of several tens or hundreds of metal atoms in each one. Thanks to this limitation of particle size and number of metal atoms, nanoparticles show their own properties, which can be classified by the terms "quantum size effect", "nanoscopic effect" or "nanosize effect". This size limitation introduces the quite high population atoms located on the surface area. For example, 1.5-nm sized noble metal nanoparticles have 55 metal atoms in each particle (Fig. 4.1). In this case, 42 atoms (76.4% of the total atoms) are located on the surface area but only 13 atoms (23.6%) are located in the inner core. Atoms located on the surface area are chemically unsaturated and they are dominant in nanoparticle systems ( Fig. 4.2). This phenomenon introduces special properties of nanoparticles different from the properties of the bulk, which are dominated by the chemically saturated atoms of the inner area.Many methods have been essayed to prepare perfectly mono-sized metal nanoparticles. Mass production of metal nanoparticles with a high monodispersity and a high reproduction-ability is very important to realize the potential application of metal nanoparticles as materials. At this moment, much attention is being paid to this research area.The preparation of metal nanoparticles has a very long history. It began with the very popular experiments of Michael Faraday on gold nanoparticle aqueous dispersions (hydrosols) in the 19th century [9,10]. Faraday showed the formation of wine color dispersions of gold nanoparticles by the reduction of AuCl − 4 using phosphorus. This unique color is the origin of many of the current applications of metal nanoparticles to optical or biological materials [11].Among many interesting topics located in the field of metal nanoparticles, the preparation and characterization of noble metal nanoparticles, especially bimetallic nanoparticles, will be mainly treated here [4,12]. Properties of bimetallic nanoparticles, comprising two different metal elements in one particle, are of great interest from the viewpoint of the improvement of catalysis by metal nanoparticles. Addition of the second element improves the catalytic properties of the single-metal catalyst and often generates new properties, which cannot be achieved by monometallic nanoparticles.Pioneering studies on metal oxide-supported bimetallic nanoparticles for catalysis have been carried out by Sinfelt et al. [13,14]. They used EXAFS (extended X-ray absorption fine structure) techniques to analyze the nano-alloystructures of the bimetallic nanoparticles [15][16][17][18][19]. Good reviews on these supported bimetallic nanoparticle catalysts have already been published [12,20]. On the other hand, nonsupported bimetallic nanoparticles can show specific properties depending on the size, composition, and structure of the nanoparticles themselves, which are not affected by the...

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Synthesis of Palladium Nanoparticles with Interstitial Carbon by Sonochemical Reduction of Tetrachloropalladate(II) in Aqueous Solution

Cited by 77 publications

References 22 publications

The Formation of PdC_xover Pd-Based Catalysts in Vapor-Phase Vinyl Acetate Synthesis: Does a Pd–Au Alloy Catalyst Resist Carbide Formation?

The Formation of PdC_xover Pd-Based Catalysts in Vapor-Phase Vinyl Acetate Synthesis: Does a Pd–Au Alloy Catalyst Resist Carbide Formation?

Size evolution of palladium nanoparticles from low-temperature solvated atoms

Well-Dispersed Bimetallic Nanoparticles

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Synthesis of Palladium Nanoparticles with Interstitial Carbon by Sonochemical Reduction of Tetrachloropalladate(II) in Aqueous Solution

Cited by 77 publications

References 22 publications

The Formation of PdCxover Pd-Based Catalysts in Vapor-Phase Vinyl Acetate Synthesis: Does a Pd–Au Alloy Catalyst Resist Carbide Formation?

The Formation of PdCxover Pd-Based Catalysts in Vapor-Phase Vinyl Acetate Synthesis: Does a Pd–Au Alloy Catalyst Resist Carbide Formation?

Size evolution of palladium nanoparticles from low-temperature solvated atoms

Well-Dispersed Bimetallic Nanoparticles

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The Formation of PdC_xover Pd-Based Catalysts in Vapor-Phase Vinyl Acetate Synthesis: Does a Pd–Au Alloy Catalyst Resist Carbide Formation?

The Formation of PdC_xover Pd-Based Catalysts in Vapor-Phase Vinyl Acetate Synthesis: Does a Pd–Au Alloy Catalyst Resist Carbide Formation?