Synthesis of Ozone in a Proton Exchange Membrane Electrochemical Reactor

Abstract

Deionized water was oxidized to ozone and oxygen at the anode in a proton exchange membrane electrochemical flow reactor. The optimum conditions for ozone generation were determined as a function of the applied voltage, electrode materials (lead dioxide powders obtained from two different commercial vendors), catalyst loadings, and reactant flow rates. Measured and calculated quantities included cell current, liquid‐ and gas‐phase ozone concentrations, and current efficiency.

High-efficiency ozone generation via electrochemical oxidation of water using Ti anode coated with Ni–Sb–SnO2

“…Thus, materials for electrochemical generation of ozone must have a high overpotential of oxygen evolution and should also be stable to strong anodic polarization in the electrolyte [10]. Various anodes have been studied for electrochemical ozone production such as: platinum, diamond, alpha-and beta-PbO 2 , Pd, Au, dimensionally stable anode (DSA), glassy carbon, SnO 2 -Sb 2 O 5 , and Ni-Sb-SnO 2 [1,[12][13][14][15]. Gold, DSA, and glassy carbon electrodes give low current efficiencies of <1% [8].…”

“…Platinum shows higher current efficiency from 6.5% to 35% but only at a very low temperature (−50°C) and at the room temperature, the current efficiency fell to 0.5%. PbO 2 anodes can produce ozone at a current efficiency of 13% at room temperature, and for Ni-Sb-SnO 2 composite, coat on Titanium mesh shows higher current efficiency of ozone production (>36.5%) [10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

The influence of electrolyte media on the deposition/dissolution of lead dioxide on boron-doped diamond electrode – A surface morphologic study

“…Although platinum and graphite have been used as electrode materials, lead dioxide coated onto inert substrates has become popular due to its good electrical conductivity, favorable overpotential for oxygen evolution and high chemical inertness [1][2][3]. PbO 2 has been used as an anode material for the generation of ozone [4][5][6] and in wastewater treatment [7][8][9]. The 3-D nucleative growth of PbO 2 has been found to follow a similar pattern on Pt [10], SnO 2 [11,12], glassy carbon [13][14][15] and Au [16,17].…”

Electroless deposition of nickel and copper on titanium substrates: Characterization and application

“…Although a large number of electrogenerated oxidants can be used as Fenton's reagent [23] and ozone [24], hypochlorite ions are the most widely employed oxidant in wastewater treatment [25]. The mechanism of its electrogeneration from a solution containing chloride ions involves two steps, the first one is the primary oxidation of chloride ions to chlorine at the anode surface according to the following equation [26]:…”