Synthesis of new nanocomposite based on nanoceramic and mono substituted polyoxometalate, PMo₁₁Cd@MnFe₂O₄, with superior catalytic activity for oxidative desulfurization of real fuel

Abstract

In this manuscript, a novel nanocomposite PMo11CdO39@MnFe2O4 (PMo11Cd@MnFe2O4) based on ceramic (MnFe2O4) and mono substitute polyoxometalate (PMo11Cd) was synthesized successfully via sol–gel method in extremely mild conditions. PMo11Cd@MnFe2O4 has been proposed as a new heterogeneous inorganic nanocatalyst for highly efficient deep desulfurization of model fuel/real gasoline. The successful synthesis of as‐prepared compounds was proved by FT‐IR, XRD, SEM, and EDX techniques. The catalytic oxidative desulfurization (CODS) was performed under mild conditions in the presence of 50 ml of model fuel/real gasoline, 3 ml of oxidant with 2:1 H2O2/CH3COOH volume ratio. The efficiency was further detailed by pursuing different effective properties on the CODS process like dosage effects, different oxidation system and different catalyst effects. The best results of PMo11Cd@MnFe2O4 nanocatalyst attained via 0.1 g of dosage and H2O2/CH3COOH as oxidation system. The process obeyed the pseudo‐first‐order kinetics as the correlation factor was close to unity. In the end, the PMo11Cd@MnFe2O4 demonstrated good reusability after 5 runs.

Synthesis of new nanocomposite based on ceramic and heteropolymolybdate using leaf extract of Aloe vera as a high‐performance nanocatalyst to desulfurization of real fuel

“…The XRD patterns of different compounds between 15° ≤ θ ≤ 75° have been shown in Figure 2. As depicted in Figure 2a, reflections at 2 θ values (25.72°, 26.47°, 28.12°, 31.99°, 38.59°, 46.56°, 53.02°, 56.75°, and 61.80°) represent the pure PMo 12 O 40 keggin‐type PMT structure, which is fully matched with JCPDS 00‐001‐0032 reference 1, 35, 38 . As such, MnFe 2 O 4 shows multiple characteristic peaks at 18.36°, 29.61°, 34.68°, 42.39°, 52.70°, 56.39°, and 62.04° (Figure 2b), which are in agreement with indexed JCPDS card No.…”

“…01‐074‐2403 reference. [ 1,39 ] The presence of these reflections is additional evidence of proper synthesis for the MnFe 2 O 4 compound.…”

“…Recently, by emitting sulfur oxide gases (SO x ) from industries and combustion cars, so many restrictions have applied to crude oil and gasoline consumption due to their corresponding problems became world major concern. [ 1 ] Acidic rain as one of the various severe impacts on the environment could cause by the reaction between sulfate and water in the atmosphere that therefore leads to corrosion and acidic soil. [ 2 ] Considering these drawbacks, removing sulfur compounds from oil and gasoline has become a challenge for industries and scientists.…”

“…However, it performs under harsh conditions like high temperature (300–380°C) and pressure (20–100 atm), [ 14 ] and also it is incapable of removing refractory sulfur compounds like thiophene (Th), benzothiophene (BT), and dibenzothiophene (DBT). [ 15 ] Among the other remain methods, CODS has drawn vast attention between scientists these days. This new innovative route not only delivers the highly efficient desulfurization (which has been proved by so many recent articles) but also performs in mild conditions (atmosphere pressure, low temperature, and no H 2 consumption), not to mention its low‐cost process.…”

Nanocatalysts for Oxidative Desulfurization of Liquid Fuel: Modern Solutions and the Perspectives of Application in Hybrid Chemical-Biocatalytic Processes

“…and the heteroatom X (central heteroatom X is often one of Al III , Si IV , or P V , but can also be of another element such as Ge IV , Fe III , or Co II , etc. ), XO 4 n− tetrahedron unit via 12 octahedron MO 6 n− units, and also several Keggin derivatives can be formed by removing one or more MO 4+ units [56,57,60,61] [53]. The vanadiumsubstituted Keggin type polyoxometalate catalyst was found to be very active in ODS of gasoline [53].…”