Synthesis of nanosized (Co, Nb, Sm)-doped SnO2 powders using co-precipitation method

Heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol in aqueous suspension by Ln (La3+, Nd3+ or Sm3+) doped ZnO nanoparticles

“…The second one is the inappropriate energy level position of RE 3+ ion relative to the valence band and conduction band of ZnO host. So far, various synthesis methods of RE ion-doped ZnO nanostructures have been reported, including hydrothermal method [13], magnetron sputter deposition [14], electrode position [15,16], pulsed laser deposition [17], and photolithography and wet chemical etching [2], forced hydrolysis [18][19][20], sol-gel [21,22], coprecipitation [23][24][25] and micro emulsion tem plating [26]. Very recently, the polymer pyrolysis method has been developed for preparation of ferrite nanoparticles such as MnFe 2 O 4 , NiFe 2 O 4 , and ZnFe 2 O 4 [27].…”

Microstructure and electrical properties of Y(NO3)3·6H2O-doped ZnO–Bi2O3-based varistor ceramics

“…They are usually used to sense and limit transient voltage surges. ZnO varistor ceramics show a highly nonlinear current-voltage characteristic with a highly resistive state in the pre-breakdown region that has a large non-linear coefficient [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Zinc oxide-based varistor ceramics are widely used in electronic appliances, such as voltage surge's protection devices, and especially in high-voltage lines.…”

Effect of Ca, Sr and Ba on the structure, morphology and electrical properties of (Co,Sb)-doped SnO2 varistors

“…It should be noted that calcium, strontium and barium carbonate decompose thermally into calcium, strontium and barium oxide and carbon dioxide, according to MCO 3ðsÞ /MO ðsÞ þ CO 2ðgÞ (13) where M is Ca, Ba or Sr. The difference between them is the decomposition temperature.…”