Synthesis of nanosheet-based MnO₂ hollow capsules and their application in lithium batteries

Electrochemical performance of nanosized MnO2 synthesized by redox route using biological reducing agents

“…To control the crystallite size, degree of crystallinity, the morphology, and specific surface area, the preparation method should be chosen carefully. A recent example is provided by the synthesis of nanosheet-based MnO2 hollow capsules, which delivered a capacity of 1182.9 mAh g -1 for the initial cycle and 198.4 mAh g -1 after 500 cycles [21]. Numerous methods to synthesize MnO2 include sol-gel [22], hydrothermal methods [23][24][25], refluxing method [26] and wet-chemical methods [27][28][29][30][31].…”

“…(b) The concentration of K + ions in the (2×2) tunnels of the α-KxMnO2 frameworks vs. the decomposition temperature. The linear relationship was established from experimental data by Hashem et al[21] and Poyraz et al[38].…”