Synthesis of nanomaterials using various top-down and bottom-up approaches, influencing factors, advantages, and disadvantages: A review

Abid, Namra; Khan, Aqib Muhammad; Shujait, Sara; Chaudhary, Kainat; Ikram, Muhammad; Imran, Muhammad; Haider, Junaid; Khan, Mohammad Iqbal; Khan, Qasim; Maqbool, Muhammad

doi:10.1016/j.cis.2021.102597

Cited by 479 publications

(255 citation statements)

References 122 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

196

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The overall process of laser ablation in laser machining applications (e. g. laser beam milling, high-precision drilling, and laser cutting) is constant. [53] The common technique is the utilization of laser to focus on a solid target submerged in liquid. The high energy from laser beam helps to dissociate the solid to generate vapour, plasma, or molten metal droplets.…”

Section: Laser Ablationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of the typical examples of bottom-up approaches include sol-gel, coprecipitation, hydrothermal, and biological (also known as green synthesis) method. [53] The NPs fabricated through bottom-up approaches have fewer defects. Besides, more uniform NPs, in terms of chemical composition, size, and shape, can be obtained through bottom-up approaches as well.…”

Section: Bottom-up Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Through this method, MNP surface state and overall homogeneity can be easily controlled, thus producing MNPs with a smaller and narrower size range. [53,71] For example, Nkurikiyimfura et al [76] fabricated Fe 3 O 4 NPs that were uniformly distributed with a nearly spherical morphology, and the average size was about 11.22 nm. Besides, organic solvent is not needed.…”

Section: Co-precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experimental parameters (such as reactant and ion concentrations, pH, and temperature) affect the precipitation process. [53] For instance, different size and shape of Fe 2 O 3 [77] and Fe 3 O 4 NPs [78] were synthesized despite similar precursors were used. On the other hand, the working variables (such as vibration, stirring speed, glassware cleanliness, and light exposure) also affect the quality of MNPs.…”

Section: Co-precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Potential of Fe‐Based Magnetic Nanomaterials for the Agriculture Sector

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Iron‐based magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been studied extensively for the past few decades. They have been applied in various applications, particularly in the biomedical sector. Due to their excellent physical and chemical properties, they have also been used widely in the agricultural sector. MNPs can be synthesized inexpensively and applied in large scale agricultural activities. This paper highlights the applications of iron‐based MNPs in the agricultural sector mainly as antimicrobial agents, plant growth promoters, site‐targeted delivery agents, nanosensors, detection and remediation for pesticide residue. Furthermore, the toxicity and transport of iron‐based MNPs in the soil‐plant system are also elucidated. These aspects have to be well‐understood before MNPs can be fully implemented effectively this pin the agricultural sector. Lastly, a hybrid nanomaterial, which is consisted of iron and magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles (NPs), is proposed. This hybrid nanomaterial is expected to overcome the shortcomings of iron‐based MNPs.

show abstract

Section: Laser Ablationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bottom-up Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Co-precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Co-precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Potential of Fe‐Based Magnetic Nanomaterials for the Agriculture Sector

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Therefore, it is highly desirable to produce gold and silver PNPs with different morphology and size, tuned to their applications. The synthesis of gold and silver PNPs with myriad shapes and sizes is extensively developed using several chemical or physical synthesis protocols ( Lu et al, 2009 ; Abid et al, 2021 ; Hopper et al, 2022 ). Although widely practiced as a primary choice of PNPs synthesis, chemical methods could exert potential health hazards like carcinogenicity, toxicity, and environmental pollution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size and Shape Directed Novel Green Synthesis of Plasmonic Nanoparticles Using Bacterial Metabolites and Their Anticancer Effects

2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The growing need for developing new synthesis methods of plasmonic nanoparticles (PNPs) stems from their various applications in nanotechnology. As a result, a variety of protocols have been developed for the synthesis of PNPs of different shapes, sizes, and compositions. Though widely practiced, the chemical synthesis of PNPs demands stringent control over the experimental conditions, often employs environmentally hazardous chemicals for surface stabilization, and is frequently energy-intensive. Additionally, chemically obtained PNPs require subsequent surface engineering steps for various optoelectronic and biomedicine applications to minimize the toxic effects and render them useful for targeted drug delivery, sensing, and imaging. Considering the pressing need to develop environmentally-friendly technology solutions, “greener” methods of nanoparticle synthesis are gaining importance. Here, we report on the biological synthesis of plasmonic nanoparticles using bacterial metabolites. A peptide-based siderophore pyoverdine and a blue-green pigment pyocyanin obtained from a marine strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa rapidly produced plasmonic nanoparticles of gold and silver in an aqueous environment. The morphology of plasmonic nanoparticles could be modulated by tuning the concentration of these metabolites and the reaction time. The exposure of pyoverdine to chloroauric acid resulted in anisotropic gold nanoparticles. On the other hand, pyocyanin produced a highly monodispersed population of gold nanoparticles and anisotropic silver nanoparticles. Biologically obtained gold and silver nanoparticles retained pyoverdine and pyocyanin on the nanoparticle surface and were stable for an extended period of time. The biologically obtained gold and silver plasmonic nanoparticles displayed potent anticancer activities against metastatic lung cancer cells. Biogenic nanoparticles were rapidly internalized by cancer cells in high quantity to affect the cellular organization, and karyoplasmic ratio, indicating the potential of these nanoparticles for cancer nanomedicine.

show abstract