Synthesis of nanogels/microgels by conventional and controlled radical crosslinking copolymerization

Sanson, Nicolas; Rieger, Jutta

doi:10.1039/c0py00010h

Cited by 223 publications

(208 citation statements)

References 143 publications

(210 reference statements)

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“…[ 78 ] Physical crosslinking means that a third insoluble polymer block (of high T g ) is added with the formation of a ABC triblock copolymer, whereas chemical crosslinking relies on the introduction of covalent bonds between linear chains. The most effi cient way to stabilize block copolymer assemblies obtained by PISA is chemical crosslinking.…”

Section: Stabilization Of the Structures By Crosslinkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guidelines for the Synthesis of Block Copolymer Particles of Various Morphologies by RAFT Dispersion Polymerization

Rieger

2015

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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311

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This article presents the recent developments of radical dispersion polymerizaton controlled by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) for the production of block copolymer particles of various morphologies, such as core-shell spheres, worms, or vesicles. It is not meant to be an exhaustive review but it rather provides guidelines for non-specialists. The article is subdivided into eight sections. After a general introduction, the mechanism of polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) through RAFT-mediated dispersion polymerization is presented and the different parameters that control the morphology produced are discussed. The next two sections are devoted to the choice of the monomer/solvent pair and the macroRAFT agent. Afterwards, post-polymerization morphological order-to-order transitions (i.e. morphological transitions triggered by extrinsic stimuli) or order-to-disorder transitions (i.e. disassembly of chains) are discussed. Assemblies based on more complex polymer architectures, such as triblock copolymers, are presented next, and finally the possibility to stabilize these structures by crosslinking is reported. The manuscript ends with a short conclusion and an outlook.

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Section: Stabilization Of the Structures By Crosslinkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guidelines for the Synthesis of Block Copolymer Particles of Various Morphologies by RAFT Dispersion Polymerization

Rieger

2015

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

Self Cite

311

326

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“…e synthesis process, the quantity of the crosslinker and initiator, temperature, time, stirring speed, and the presence of surfactants and co-monomers directly a ect the size of hydrogel particles [70]. In general, the presence of a crosslinker causes the formation of smaller hydrogel particles than in the absence of a crosslinker.…”

Section: Chemical Structures and Synthesis Conditions Of Hydrogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydrogels can also be characterised by their particle size; macro-, micro-and nanogels can be formed [68][69][70][71]. Macrogel particles range in size from a micrometre or more, whereas microgel particles have a diameter of 100nm to 1µm, forming colloidally stable, water-swellable polymer networks.…”

Section: Hydrogel Particle Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Stimuli-responsive Hydrogels for Textile Functionalisation: A Review

Štular¹,

Simončić²,

Tomšič³

2017

TEK

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This article reviews hydrogels used for the functionalisation of textile materials. Hydrogels are reviewed according to their reason for incorporation, aspects of crosslinking, stimuli-responsive characteristics and particle size. A more in-depth focus on the eff ect of hydrogel particle size is provided, where macrogels, microgels and nanogels for textile functionalisation are considered. The advantages and disadvantages of each size group are presented. Furthermore, the correlation between synthesis conditions and the sizes of hydrogel particles is discussed, in addition to the applications of macro-, micro-and nanogels to textile materials and their intended uses. Keywords: smart textiles, stimuli-responsive hydrogels, microgels, nanogels, preparation methods Izvleček

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“…[1][2][3][4] The swelling behaviour and related size of the microgel particles can be inuenced by external stimuli that unbalance the osmotic equilibrium of the particles and their solvent matrix resulting in switchable properties of the suspension. [5][6][7][8] The most investigated stimuli for swelling and deswelling in microgel particles are temperature and pH.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative X-ray microscopic analysis of individual thermoresponsive microgel particles in aqueous solution

et al. 2016

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High resolution scanning soft X-ray transmission microscopy (STXM) has been employed to investigate individual thermoresponsive microgel particles in aqueous environments. STXM generates 2-dimensional projections with spatial resolutions in the regime of a few 10 s of nm. In the present study we are able to regain a 3D representation of the investigated specimen and observe the deswelling of the microgel particles upon heating, thus offering insight into the thermoresponsive behaviour of individual differently sized particles. We employ a 2-shell model that is able to derive the radial concentration profile of individual microgels particles and thus serves as a complementary method to scattering experiments that average over all particles. Furthermore, we are able to detect the different deswelling behaviour of the particle interior and its interface to the water environment.

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Synthesis of nanogels/microgels by conventional and controlled radical crosslinking copolymerization

Abstract: This review compares conventional and controlled radical polymerization techniques and processes in preparing nano-/microgels. Special focus is made on the synthetic parameters that allow controlling their size, morphology, composition, and structural homogeneity.

Cited by 223 publications

References 143 publications

Guidelines for the Synthesis of Block Copolymer Particles of Various Morphologies by RAFT Dispersion Polymerization

Guidelines for the Synthesis of Block Copolymer Particles of Various Morphologies by RAFT Dispersion Polymerization

Stimuli-responsive Hydrogels for Textile Functionalisation: A Review

Quantitative X-ray microscopic analysis of individual thermoresponsive microgel particles in aqueous solution

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