Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Lanthanum Strontium Manganite Powder by the Urea–Formaldehyde Polymer Gel Combustion Route

Solution combustion is an exciting phenomenon, which involves propagation of self-sustained exothermic reactions along an aqueous or sol-gel media. This process allows for the synthesis of a variety of nanoscale materials, including oxides, metals, alloys, and sulfides. This Review focuses on the analysis of new approaches and results in the field of solution combustion synthesis (SCS) obtained during recent years. Thermodynamics and kinetics of reactive solutions used in different chemical routes are considered, and the role of process parameters is discussed, emphasizing the chemical mechanisms that are responsible for rapid self-sustained combustion reactions. The basic principles for controlling the composition, structure, and nanostructure of SCS products, and routes to regulate the size and morphology of the nanoscale materials are also reviewed. Recently developed systems that lead to the formation of novel materials and unique structures (e.g., thin films and two-dimensional crystals) with unusual properties are outlined. To demonstrate the versatility of the approach, several application categories of SCS produced materials, such as for energy conversion and storage, optical devices, catalysts, and various important nanoceramics (e.g., bio-, electro-, magnetic), are discussed.

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“…Water is used as a solvent in most works related to SCS. However, occasionally kerosene, , alcohols, ,− or formaldehyde are also utilized.…”

Section: Classification Of Scs Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solution Combustion Synthesis of Nanoscale Materials

Mukasyan²,

et al. 2016

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“…The formation of spinel phase at this relatively low temperature might be ascribed to the uniform distribution of Mg 2+ and Al 3+ ions during the formation of co-precipitating complexes. [24,25]. In this process, the reactions could be described as follows [26].…”

Section: Effect Of Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Magnesium Aluminate Spinel Powder from the Purified Sodium Hydroxide Leaching Solution of Black Dross

Nguyen

Lee

2019

Processes

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Synthesis of magnesium aluminate spinel (MgAl2O4) was investigated by employing ball milling and co-precipitation methods. The starting materials (aluminum hydroxides) were obtained from the purified sodium hydroxide leaching solution of black dross. The characteristics of the synthesized spinel was analyzed through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. In this work, the effect of calcination temperature and time on the formation of spinel by the two methods was compared. Calcination temperature showed a great effect on the formation of spinel in both methods. The results showed that the co-precipitation method has many advantages over the ball milling method. In ball milling method, complete conversion of the starting materials to spinel was impossible even at 1500 °C, while complete conversion to spinel was accomplished at 1000 °C for 5 h by the co-precipitation method. The average size of the spinel synthesized at these optimum conditions of the co-precipitation method was about 17 nm. A process can be developed to synthesize spinel from the black dross which is regarded as hazardous materials.

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“…Many studies have focused on the development of LaMnO 3 powders having high specific surface areas . Conventional synthesis of Sr‐doped LaMnO 3 (LSM), which involves the solid state mixing of precursors followed by calcination at high temperatures (>1300°C), produces particles with surface areas on the order of 2 m 2 /g .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and Relative Thermal Stability of Mesoporous (La,Sr)MnO₃ Powders Prepared Using Evaporation‐Induced Self‐Assembly Methods

et al. 2012

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LaMnO 3 and (La,Sr)MnO 3 were prepared as mesoporous powders using sol-gel methods that incorporated evaporationinduced self-assembly of surfactants as structure-directing agents. The precursor and surfactant concentrations, surfactant character (mainly molecular weight), aging humidity, and annealing temperature were all found to influence the specific surface area of the powders, which were maximized at 50 and 46 m 2 /g for LaMnO 3 and (La,Sr)MnO 3 , respectively. Increased metal nitrate contents in the initial sol composition and increased relative humidity during aging led to products having increased specific surface areas owing to increased mesoporosity. The lower molecular weight surfactant CTAB was found to generate higher specific surface area powders than those generated using the larger molecular weight nonionic surfactants P-123 and F-127. On the other hand, the relative thermal stability of the mesoporous powders, annealed at 750°C for 100 h, increased with the molecular weight of surfactant. Mesoporous powders having promising thermal stability and surface areas in the 20-25 m 2 /g range were easily obtainable using P-123 and F-127, indicating that high surface area electrocatalysts with mesoporous microstructures can be prepared for high temperature applications.J. Stevenson-contributing editor Manuscript No. 30997.

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Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Lanthanum Strontium Manganite Powder by the Urea–Formaldehyde Polymer Gel Combustion Route

Cited by 14 publications

References 15 publications

Solution Combustion Synthesis of Nanoscale Materials

Solution Combustion Synthesis of Nanoscale Materials

Synthesis of Magnesium Aluminate Spinel Powder from the Purified Sodium Hydroxide Leaching Solution of Black Dross

Structure and Relative Thermal Stability of Mesoporous (La,Sr)MnO₃ Powders Prepared Using Evaporation‐Induced Self‐Assembly Methods

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Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Lanthanum Strontium Manganite Powder by the Urea–Formaldehyde Polymer Gel Combustion Route

Cited by 14 publications

References 15 publications

Solution Combustion Synthesis of Nanoscale Materials

Solution Combustion Synthesis of Nanoscale Materials

Synthesis of Magnesium Aluminate Spinel Powder from the Purified Sodium Hydroxide Leaching Solution of Black Dross

Structure and Relative Thermal Stability of Mesoporous (La,Sr)MnO3 Powders Prepared Using Evaporation‐Induced Self‐Assembly Methods

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Product

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Structure and Relative Thermal Stability of Mesoporous (La,Sr)MnO₃ Powders Prepared Using Evaporation‐Induced Self‐Assembly Methods