Synthesis of nanocrystalline gadolinium doped ceria via sol–gel combustion and sol–gel synthesis routes

Žarkov, Aleksej; Stanulis, Andrius; Салкус, Т.; Kežionis, A.; Jasulaitienė, Vitalija; Ramanauskas, R.; Tautkus, Stasys; Kareiva, Aivaras

doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.11.066

Cited by 53 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…For sol-gel combustion (SG) synthesis [6] ZrOCl2.8H2O was dissolved in distilled water and HNO3 was added to replace Clions. Mixture was stirred for 30 min at 80 °C and then a definite amount of Ce(NO3)2.6H2O water solution was added.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The specific surface area (SSA) of the powders was determined by the argon absorption-desorption method. The average particle size d was calculated from SSA; agglomeration degree of the particles was evaluated from ratio d/D [6]. Density of the bulk materials was determined by using the Archimede's method.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nanosized powders with a high specific surface area with definite phase composition and fast their sintering methods are required for manufacturing of dense fine-grained zirconia based ceramic. Several chemical methods such as spray-drying [2], hydrothermal [4], sol-gel [5,6], sol-gel-combustion [6,7,8], coprecipitation [8] have been developed for preparation of nanosized stabilized zirconia nanopowders.…”

Section: Introduction mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics and Sinterability of Ceria Stabilized Zirconia Nanoparticles Prepared by Chemical Methods

Grabis

Jankoviča

Šteins

et al. 2018

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Microwave assisted and molten salts synthesis were extended for preparation of ceria (10 mol%; 15 mol%) stabilized zirconia and their parameters and sinterability were compared with that of particles prepared by the sol-gel combustion method. As-prepared powders by using microwave assisted and sol-gel combustion synthesis contained single tetragonal ZrO2 phase but powders prepared by molten salts combustion method contained two ceria-stabilized tetragonal phases with different content of ceria. The crystallite size of the as-prepared zirconia phases was in the range of 3.2-9.4 nm and the average particles size is in the range of 7.6-24.6 nm depending on the synthesis method. Additional calcination of the powders up to 1000 °C led to increase of crystallite size in the range of 19-25 nm and decrease of specific surface area in the range of 18-21 m 2 /g and partial formation of monoclinic phase of ZrO2. Bulk materials with fine-grained microstructure (0.8-1.6 µm) and density in the range of 95.2-97.2 % were obtained by spark plasma sintering at 1280-1310 °C during 3 min. Nanoparticles prepared by microwave assisted synthesis showed better sinterability and higher density.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics and Sinterability of Ceria Stabilized Zirconia Nanoparticles Prepared by Chemical Methods

Grabis

Jankoviča

Šteins

et al. 2018

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“…The effects of dopant concentration [1][2][3][4], grain size [5,6], synthesis [7,8] and processing [9,10] on electrical properties have been comprehensively studied. However, the vast majority of recent works dealing with electrical properties of GDC ceramics still encountered a pretty low total conductivity due to a high resistivity of grain boundaries [9,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The only few exceptions are works [20,23] dealing with experimental data obtained by the 4-electrode method, which eliminates an unwanted sample-electrode interface response. However, even the latter studies were not dealing with a more detailed analysis of the character of electrical response of grain boundaries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peculiarities of charge carrier relaxation in grain boundary of gadolinium-doped ceria ceramics

Kazlauskas¹,

Kazakevičius²,

Žalga³

et al. 2019

physics

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Two different gadolinium-doped ceria ceramics are prepared from two different powders, one commercially available synthesised by solid state reaction and another produced by tartaric acid assisted sol–gel synthesis. The specimens have a different microstructure, while the XRD patterns of powders showed a pure cubic fluorite structure without any impurity phase. The electrical properties are studied at frequencies up to 10 GHz by combining broadband 2-electrode and 4-electrode impedance spectroscopy methods. Primary electrical measurements showed that the values of grain conductivity and its activation energies for both ceramics were nearly the same. However, due to different contributions of the grain boundary mediums, total conductivities and their activation energies are found to be considerably different. The advantage of the 4-electrode method allowed us to measure the pure electrical response of grain boundaries, bypassing any interferences caused by interfacial impedance. By using these data, the temperature behaviour of distribution of relaxation times in the grain boundary is studied. A broadening of this distribution with increasing temperature is found for both specimens, contrary to a previously observed phenomenon in the grain of oxygen ion conductive ceramics and single crystals. It is shown that, supposing individual relaxation times behave according to the Arrhenius law, both activation energy and pre-exponential factor must be distributed.

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Proteic sol–gel synthesis of Gd-doped ceria: a comprehensive structural, chemical, microstructural and electrical analysis

et al. 2020

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Gd-doped ceria (Ce 1-x Gd x O 2-d ; x = 0, 0.1 and 0.2) is one of the best ceramic electrolytes for application in solid oxide electrochemical devices. This work reports an innovative and environmentally friendly route known as ''proteic sol-gel synthesis'' using gelatin for their preparation. Materials are characterized via thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The proposed method allows to produce pure phase nanosized powders at 400 °C that exhibit excellent sinterability at 1350 °C. Significant differences are found in the bulk at lower temperatures, with estimated defect association enthalpies of 0.45 and 0.56 eV for the compositions containing 10 and 20 mol% Gd, respectively, leading to an increased bulk conductivity in the first case. In contrast, identical grain boundary Schottky barrier height values of around 0.2 V are a possible result of the relatively low sintering temperature, decreasing the extent of the acceptor dopant segregation to the grain boundaries due to insufficient cation mobility. This leads to similar specific grain boundary characteristics in both doped compositions. Overall, this work provides a rational understanding of a novel route for the synthesis of CGO ceramics with competitive performance and decreased sintering temperature.

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Synthesis of nanocrystalline gadolinium doped ceria via sol–gel combustion and sol–gel synthesis routes

Cited by 53 publications

References 47 publications

Characteristics and Sinterability of Ceria Stabilized Zirconia Nanoparticles Prepared by Chemical Methods

Characteristics and Sinterability of Ceria Stabilized Zirconia Nanoparticles Prepared by Chemical Methods

Peculiarities of charge carrier relaxation in grain boundary of gadolinium-doped ceria ceramics

Proteic sol–gel synthesis of Gd-doped ceria: a comprehensive structural, chemical, microstructural and electrical analysis

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