“…According our study, a few studies reported the biosynthesize of CoNPs using plants extracts. The range size of cobalt ferrites nanoparticles synthesized using aqueous extracts of sesame was 3–20.45 nm 47 . CoNPs was also biosynthesized using methanolic extracts of Conocarpus erectus and Nerium indicum .…”
The aim of the experiment was a green synthesis of cobalt nanoparticles from the aqueous extract of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam (CoNPs) and assessment of their cytotoxicity, antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, and cutaneous wound healing properties. The synthesized CoNPs were characterized using different techniques including UV–Vis., FT-IR spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). According to the XRD analysis, 28.19 nm was measured for the crystal size of NPs. TEM and SEM images exhibited a uniform spherical morphology and average diameters of 29.08 nm for the biosynthesized nanoparticles. Agar diffusion tests were done to determine the antibacterial and antifungal characteristics. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were specified by macro-broth dilution assay. CoNPs indicated higher antibacterial and antifungal effects than many standard antibiotics (p ≤ 0.01). Also, CoNPs prevented the growth of all bacteria at 2–4 mg/mL concentrations and removed them at 2–8 mg/mL concentrations (p ≤ 0.01). In the case of antifungal effects of CoNPs, they inhibited the growth of all fungi at 1–4 mg/mL concentrations and destroyed them at 2–16 mg/mL concentrations (p ≤ 0.01). The synthesized CoNPs had great cell viability dose-dependently and indicated this method was nontoxic. DPPH free radical scavenging test was done to assess the antioxidant potentials, which revealed similar antioxidant potentials for CoNPs and butylated hydroxytoluene. In vivo experiment, after creating the cutaneous wound, the rats were randomly divided into six groups: untreated control, treatment with Eucerin basal ointment, treatment with 3% tetracycline ointment, treatment with 0.2% Co(NO3)2 ointment, treatment with 0.2% Z. clinopodioides ointment, and treatment with 0.2% CoNPs ointment. These groups were treated for 10 days. For histopathological and biochemical analysis of the healing trend, a 3 × 3 cm section was prepared from all dermal thicknesses at day 10. Use of CoNPs ointment in the treatment groups substantially raised (p ≤ 0.01) the wound contracture, hydroxyl proline, hexosamine, hexuronic acid, fibrocyte, and fibrocytes/fibroblast rate and remarkably decreased (p ≤ 0.01) the wound area, total cells, neutrophil, and lymphocyte compared to other groups. In conclusion, CoNPs can be used as a medical supplement owing to their non-cytotoxic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and cutaneous wound healing effects. Additionally, the novel nanoparticles (Co(NO3)2 and CoNPs) were good inhibitors of the α-glycosidase, and cholinesterase enzymes.
“…According our study, a few studies reported the biosynthesize of CoNPs using plants extracts. The range size of cobalt ferrites nanoparticles synthesized using aqueous extracts of sesame was 3–20.45 nm 47 . CoNPs was also biosynthesized using methanolic extracts of Conocarpus erectus and Nerium indicum .…”
The aim of the experiment was a green synthesis of cobalt nanoparticles from the aqueous extract of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam (CoNPs) and assessment of their cytotoxicity, antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, and cutaneous wound healing properties. The synthesized CoNPs were characterized using different techniques including UV–Vis., FT-IR spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). According to the XRD analysis, 28.19 nm was measured for the crystal size of NPs. TEM and SEM images exhibited a uniform spherical morphology and average diameters of 29.08 nm for the biosynthesized nanoparticles. Agar diffusion tests were done to determine the antibacterial and antifungal characteristics. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were specified by macro-broth dilution assay. CoNPs indicated higher antibacterial and antifungal effects than many standard antibiotics (p ≤ 0.01). Also, CoNPs prevented the growth of all bacteria at 2–4 mg/mL concentrations and removed them at 2–8 mg/mL concentrations (p ≤ 0.01). In the case of antifungal effects of CoNPs, they inhibited the growth of all fungi at 1–4 mg/mL concentrations and destroyed them at 2–16 mg/mL concentrations (p ≤ 0.01). The synthesized CoNPs had great cell viability dose-dependently and indicated this method was nontoxic. DPPH free radical scavenging test was done to assess the antioxidant potentials, which revealed similar antioxidant potentials for CoNPs and butylated hydroxytoluene. In vivo experiment, after creating the cutaneous wound, the rats were randomly divided into six groups: untreated control, treatment with Eucerin basal ointment, treatment with 3% tetracycline ointment, treatment with 0.2% Co(NO3)2 ointment, treatment with 0.2% Z. clinopodioides ointment, and treatment with 0.2% CoNPs ointment. These groups were treated for 10 days. For histopathological and biochemical analysis of the healing trend, a 3 × 3 cm section was prepared from all dermal thicknesses at day 10. Use of CoNPs ointment in the treatment groups substantially raised (p ≤ 0.01) the wound contracture, hydroxyl proline, hexosamine, hexuronic acid, fibrocyte, and fibrocytes/fibroblast rate and remarkably decreased (p ≤ 0.01) the wound area, total cells, neutrophil, and lymphocyte compared to other groups. In conclusion, CoNPs can be used as a medical supplement owing to their non-cytotoxic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and cutaneous wound healing effects. Additionally, the novel nanoparticles (Co(NO3)2 and CoNPs) were good inhibitors of the α-glycosidase, and cholinesterase enzymes.
“…The growth of smaller particles into larger ones occurs by the coarsening process [ 84 ]. A variety of plant extracts such as sesame leaves, aloe vera leaves, hibiscus flower/leaves, ginger root, etc., are being widely used for the preparation of the metal oxide nanoparticles [ 78 , 85 ]. Fig.…”
Section: Various Techniques For Nanoparticle Synthesismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Flavonoids (polyphenolic compounds) comprising several classes as anthocyanins, isoflavonoids, flavonols, chalcones, flavones, and flavanones, actively chelate and reduce metal ions into nanoparticles [ 48 ]. Metabolites such as carbohydrates, amino acids, enzymes, etc., act as capping agents, reducing agent, stabilizing agent, and also a chelating agent for capturing metal ions [ 85 ]. Sugars present in the plant extracts are also able to induce the formation of metal nanoparticles.…”
Section: Various Techniques For Nanoparticle Synthesismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Gingasu et al. (2016), synthesized cobalt ferrite nanoparticles by sesame seed extract and evaluated their antimicrobial, anti -biofilm, and cytotoxic properties [ 85 ]. Gingasu et al.…”
Section: Antibacterial Activity Of the Nanoparticlesmentioning
Antibacterial activity of nanoparticles has received significant attention worldwide because of their great physical and chemical stability, excellent magnetic properties, and large lattice constant values. These properties are predominate in the food science for enhancing the overall quality, shelf life, taste, flavor, process-ability, etc., of the food. Nanoparticles exhibit attractive antibacterial activity due to their increased specific surface area leading to enhanced surface reactivity. When nanoparticles are suspended in the biological culture, they encounter various biological interfaces, resulting from the presence of cellular moieties like DNA, proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, etc., which helps antibacterial properties in many ways. This paper reviews different methods used for the synthesis of nanoparticles but is specially focusing on the green synthesis methods owing to its non-toxic nature towards the environment. This review highlights their antibacterial application mainly in the food sector in the form of food-nanosensors, food-packaging, and food-additives. The possible mechanism of nanoparticles for their antibacterial behavior underlying the interaction of nano-particles with bacteria, (i) excessive ROS generation including hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
), OH
−
(hydroxyl radicals), and O
−
2
2
(peroxide); and (ii) precipitation of nano-particles on the bacterial exterior; which, disrupts the cellular activities, resulting in membranes disturbance. All these phenomena results in the inhibition of bacterial growth. Along with this, their current application and future perspectives in the food sector are also discussed. Nanoparticles help in destroying not only pathogens but also deadly fungi and viruses. Most importantly it is required to focus more on the crop processing and its containment to stop the post-harvesting loss. So, nanoparticles can act as a smart weapon towards the sustainable move.
“…Crystallite size of the synthesised Eu 3+ doped ZnO nanophosphors was calculated from both Scherrer's and W−H plots, which were found to be in the range between 20 and 36 nm. Gingasu et al., demonstrated the synthesis of nanocrystalline CoFe 2 O 4 employing soft combustion process using sesame seed extract as fuel. FE‐SEM investigations of the synthesised CoFe 2 O 4 revealed the formation of particle size ranging between 3 and 20.45 nm.…”
Section: Plant Based Renewable Fuels In Combustion Processmentioning
Metal oxide nanostructures receive great interest due to their unique size and shape dependent physicochemical and functional properties. With the rapid growth of metal oxide nanotechnology, their chemical synthesis processes have become the most promising one due to their simplicity and versatility. Among the various available chemical processes such as sol‐gel, hydrothermal, polyol and precipitation, the combustion process receives significant attention. In particular, the combustion process has been extensively explored for the synthesis of various nanostructured materials including metal oxides, which involves in the exothermic reaction upon thermal heating of precursor chemicals. Recently, the combustion process has been reinvented by using the various renewable resource‐based organic fuels, which receives increasing interest among global researchers. A wide range of plant/ leaf, fruit, flower, seed, peel, latex and tuber extracts along with the plant‐derived products have been explored in combustion process for the synthesis of various metal oxides. Hence, the present review is aimed to focus the recent advances in the combustion process by using renewable fuels for the synthesis of metal oxide nanostructures and also the emerging opportunities.
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