Synthesis of nano-sized TiC powders by designing chemical vapor deposition system in a fluidized bed reactor

Song, Miao; Yang, Yafeng; Xiang, Maoqiao; Zhu, Qingshan; Zhao, Hongdan

doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2020.11.045

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Preparation of Ti v C and Pt-Ti v C: Parent TiC powders with exposed {100} facets were fabricated based on the previous work, [58] using CH 4 and home-made TiCl 2 as raw materials. The TiCl 2 powders were synthesized in an FBR using Ti and TiCl 4 at 650°C for 3 h. [59] The parent TiC {100} powders (5 g) were placed in a cylindrical quartz FBR with an inner diameter of 30 mm and a height of 300 mm, fluidized by Ar (200 mL min −1 ) and etched by Cl 2 (200 mL min −1 ) at different temperatures (350, 500, and 800 °C) for 5 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrahigh Mass Activity for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction by Anchoring Platinum Single Atoms on Active {100} Facets of TiC via Cation Defect Engineering

Dong

Zhu

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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Improving the platinum (Pt) mass activity for low‐cost electrochemical hydrogen evolution is an important and arduous task. Here, a selective etching‐reducing fluidized bed reactor technique is reported to create Ti vacancies and firmly anchor single Pt atoms on the active {100} facets of titanium carbide (TiC) to increase the Pt utilization efficiency and improve catalytic activity significantly by a synergistic effect between Ti vacancies and Pt atoms. The generated Ti vacancies are negatively charged and stabilize Pt atoms by forming covalent PtC bonds, showing excellent long‐term durability. Pt single atoms (ultralow load of 1.2 µg cm−2) on the defective TiC {100} show remarkable activity (24.9 mV at 10 mA cm−2) and a mass activity (49.69 A mg−1) ≈190 times that of the state‐of‐the‐art PtC catalyst and nearly double the previously reported best values. The developed cation defect engineering exhibits excellent potential for fabricating next‐generation advanced single‐atom catalysts for large‐scale hydrogen evolution at a low cost.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrahigh Mass Activity for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction by Anchoring Platinum Single Atoms on Active {100} Facets of TiC via Cation Defect Engineering

Dong

Zhu

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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“…Other methods of TiC production, which require a high energy input, are carbothermal reduction of TiO 2 [84][85][86], the plasma method [87], synthesis from elements [88], the self-propagating high-temperature method [89], chemical vapor deposition [90], and the magnesiothermic method [91,92]. The simplest, relatively inexpensive, most common, and most commercially used method is carbothermal reduction.…”

Section: Reactive Sintering and Temperature-programmed Reduction (Tpr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal (Mo, W, Ti) Carbide Catalysts: Synthesis and Application as Alternative Catalysts for Dry Reforming of Hydrocarbons—A Review

Czaplicka

Rogala

Wysocka

2021

IJMS

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Dry reforming of hydrocarbons (DRH) is a pro-environmental method for syngas production. It owes its pro-environmental character to the use of carbon dioxide, which is one of the main greenhouse gases. Currently used nickel catalysts on oxide supports suffer from rapid deactivation due to sintering of active metal particles or the deposition of carbon deposits blocking the flow of gases through the reaction tube. In this view, new alternative catalysts are highly sought after. Transition metal carbides (TMCs) can potentially replace traditional nickel catalysts due to their stability and activity in DR processes. The catalytic activity of carbides results from the synthesis-dependent structural properties of carbides. In this respect, this review presents the most important methods of titanium, molybdenum, and tungsten carbide synthesis and the influence of their properties on activity in catalyzing the reaction of methane with carbon dioxide.

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“…Up to date, there are many methods to synthesize nano‐sized TMCs powder and metal NWs, but they have limitations. For example, high‐purity nano‐sized TMCs can be synthesized by chemical methods (such as chemical vapor deposition), but the low yield and high energy consumption are difficult to meet the industrial demand 15,16 . Due to the high hardness of TMCs, it is difficult to refine them into nanoscale by traditional means such as ball milling, so the large‐scale preparation of nano‐sized TMCs remains a challenge 17 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, high-purity nanosized TMCs can be synthesized by chemical methods (such as chemical vapor deposition), but the low yield and high energy consumption are difficult to meet the industrial demand. 15,16 Due to the high hardness of TMCs, it is difficult to refine them into nanoscale by traditional means such as ball milling, so the large-scale preparation of nanosized TMCs remains a challenge. 17 For metal NWs, fibers synthesized by the hydrothermal method usually need to be calcined subsequently 18,19 ; the electrospinning method usually produces polycrystalline fibers 20 ; and the sol-gel method has cumbersome reaction steps and long preparation cycle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large‐scale preparation of nano‐sized carbides and metal whiskers via mechanochemical decomposition of MAX phases

Tian

Tang

et al. 2022

Int J Applied Ceramic Tech

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Nano-sized transition metal carbide powder is usually synthesized by chemical methods such as chemical vapor deposition, while its large-scale synthesis is a long-standing challenge due to high energy consumption and low yield; metal nanowires (NWs) (mainly noble metals) are usually prepared by wet chemistry, and more compositions and greener preparation routes for metal NWs are urgent to meet the needs of the high technology industry. Herein, MAX phases are mechanochemically decomposed, resulting in the fine corresponding binary M-X carbides and the A-site metal whiskers. This implies a feasible top-down route for efficiently preparing fine carbides and high-quality metal whiskers on large scale. Several example MAX phases (both 312 and 211) are selected to demonstrate the feasibility of this method. The carbides and metal whiskers are characterized by X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to identify their morphology, composition, and phase. The compositional diversity of MAX phases bodes that this would be a promising alternative avenue to preparing various nano-sized carbides and single-crystal metal whiskers.

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Synthesis of nano-sized TiC powders by designing chemical vapor deposition system in a fluidized bed reactor

Cited by 10 publications

References 47 publications

Ultrahigh Mass Activity for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction by Anchoring Platinum Single Atoms on Active {100} Facets of TiC via Cation Defect Engineering

Ultrahigh Mass Activity for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction by Anchoring Platinum Single Atoms on Active {100} Facets of TiC via Cation Defect Engineering

Metal (Mo, W, Ti) Carbide Catalysts: Synthesis and Application as Alternative Catalysts for Dry Reforming of Hydrocarbons—A Review

Large‐scale preparation of nano‐sized carbides and metal whiskers via mechanochemical decomposition of MAX phases

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