Synthesis of nano-CaO from clamshell (Geloina sp.) using papaya latex as biocatalyst

Synthesis and Characterization of Nano-CaO from Clamshell (<i>Geloine sp.</i>) Using Sol-Gel Method

“…The preparation of raw materials in the form of refinement and deproteination as in previous research [5].…”

“…The synthesis of nano-CaO can be produced from natural resources, chemical compounds, and waste containing calcium. The nano-CaO can be produced from natural resources such as egg shells [1][2][3], scallop shells [4], and Clamshells [5]. The nano-CaO also can be produced from calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), calcium acetate (Ca(CH 3 COO) 2 ).H 2 O) [6], calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) [7], and calcium nitrate (Ca(NO 3 ) 2 .4H 2 O) [8].…”

“…The top-bottom method needs a large of energy for calcination and milling. Various efforts have been conducted to reduce energy needs, such as the use of microwaves during the calcination of CaCO 3 [9,10] and bio-catalysts before milling [5]. In the bottom-up method, CaO from molecular size was grown to nano size.…”