Synthesis of N‐aminophalimides derived from α‐amino acids: Theoretical study to find them as HDAC8 inhibitors by docking simulations and in vitro assays

Abstract

Phthalimides are valuable for synthesis and biological properties. New acetamides 3(a–c) and 4(a–c) were synthesized and characterized as precursors for novel N‐aminophalimides 5(a–c) and 6(a–c). Structures of 4a, 5(a–b), and 6(a–b) were confirmed by single crystal X‐ray. Docking studies identified compounds with favorable Gibbs free energy values for binding to histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8), an enzyme targeted for anticancer drug development. These compounds bound to both the orthosteric and allosteric pockets of HDAC8, similar to Trichostatin A (TSA), an HDAC8 inhibitor. 6(a–c) contain hydroxyacetamide moiety as a zinc‐binding group, a phthalimide moiety as a capping group, and aminoacetamide moiety as a linker group, which are important for ligand‐receptor binding. ΔG values indicated that compounds 5b, 6b, and 6c had higher affinity for HDAC8 in the allosteric pocket compared to TSA. In vitro evaluation of inhibitory activities on HDAC8 revealed that compounds 3(a–c) and 5(a–c) showed similar inhibitory effects (IC50) ranging from 0.445 to 0.751 μM. Compounds 6(a–c) showed better affinity, with 6a (IC50 = 28 nM) and 6b (IC50 = 0.18 μM) showing potent inhibitory effects slightly lower than TSA (IC50 = 26 nM). These findings suggest that the studied compounds hold promise as potential candidates for further biological investigations.