Synthesis of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes from Plastic Waste Using a Stainless-Steel CVD Reactor as Catalyst

Tripathi, P.; Durbach, Shane H.; Coville, Neil J.

doi:10.3390/nano7100284

Cited by 45 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…A similar procedure as used in [26] to make carbon materials from PP in a steel reactor was used in this study to make carbon materials in a quartz reactor. The same waste polypropylene (PP) centrifuge tubes were used as the hydrocarbon source.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Scssmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CVD Synthesis of Solid, Hollow, and Nitrogen-Doped Hollow Carbon Spheres from Polypropylene Waste Materials

Tripathi¹,

Durbach²,

Coville³

2019

Applied Sciences

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Plastic waste leaves a serious environmental footprint on the planet and it is imperative to reduce this. Consequently, recycling has been regarded as an important approach in providing one solution to this problem. In this study, we enhanced the value of polypropylene (PP) plastic waste by using it as a hydrocarbon source to synthesize a variety of spherical carbon nanomaterials. Here, a CVD method was used to decompose the PP initially into a hydrocarbon gas (propylene). Thereafter, PP was employed to synthesize solid carbon spheres (SCSs), hollow carbon spheres (HCSs), and nitrogen-doped hollow carbon spheres (NHCSs). The latter two were made using a silica template while the N-doping was achieved by the addition of melamine to PP. Yields obtained were between 12–20%. The SCSs (d = 800 nm to 1200 nm), HCSs (id = 985 nm; shell width = 35 nm), and NHCSs (id = ca. 1000 nm; shell width = 40 nm) were all characterized by TEM, SEM, TGA, laser Raman spectroscopy, and XPS.

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Section: Synthesis Of Scssmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thermal studies on the conversion of PP to CNTs/CNFs have been successful, but the process required the use of a catalyst [24][25][26]. Attempts to produce spherical PP derived materials have been less successful.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CVD Synthesis of Solid, Hollow, and Nitrogen-Doped Hollow Carbon Spheres from Polypropylene Waste Materials

Tripathi¹,

Durbach²,

Coville³

2019

Applied Sciences

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“…Currently, the Ti deposition process that can be applied in terms of bottom coverage utilizes only the IMP method, while in the case of the TiN deposition process, MOCVD [9] TiN, which has excellent bottom coverage characteristics [10], is applied. In addition, Radio Frequency (RF) etch cleaning was adopted for the pre-cleaning process, according to the BLC structure [11,12]. Recently, the trend of standard CMOS processes is to apply Co silicide or Ni silicide in 10nm contact process and copper contact in devices requiring high speed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Contact Plug Deposition Conditions on Junction Leakage and Contact Resistance in Multilevel CMOS Logic Interconnection Device

et al. 2020

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Here, we developed the optimal conditions in terms of physical and electrical characteristics of the barrier and tungsten (W) deposition process of a contact module, which is the segment connecting the device and the multi-layer metallization (MLM) metal line in the development of 100 nm-class logic devices. To confirm its applicability to the logic contact of barrier and W films, a contact hole was formed, first to check the bottom coverage and the filling status of each film, then to check the electrical resistance and leakage characteristics to analyze the optimal conditions. At an aspect ratio of 3.89:1, ionized metal plasma (IMP) Ti had a bottom coverage of 40.9% and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) titanium nitride (TiN) of 76.2%, confirming that it was possible to apply the process to 100 nm logic contacts. W filling was confirmed, and a salicide etching rate (using Radio Frequency (RF) etch) of 13–18 Å/s at a 3.53:1 aspect ratio was applied. The etching rate on the thermal oxide plate was 9 Å/s. As the RF etch amount increased from 50–100 Å, the P active resistance increased by 0.5–1 Ω. The resistance also increased as the amount of IMP Ti deposition increased to 300 Å. A measurement of the borderless contact junction leakage current indicated that the current in the P + N well increased by more than an order of magnitude when IMP Ti 250 Å or more was deposited. The contact resistance value was 0.5 Ω. An AC bias improved the IMP Ti deposition rate by 10% in bottom coverage, but there was no significant difference in contact resistance. In the case of applying IMP TiN, the overall contact resistance decreased to 2 Ω compared to CVD TiN, but the distribution characteristics were poor. The best results were obtained under the conditions of RF etch 50 Å, IMP Ti 200 Å, and CVD TiN 2 × 50 Å.

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“…Multiwall tubes of the Taunit type with a concentration CMWCNT = 0.1 -0.3 wt. % were grown on metal catalysts by catalytic pyrolysis (CVD process) from a vapour phase: propanebutane mixture heated to 600 -680 °C 12 . SWCNT I nanotubes were prepared by the HiPCO method from ethanol vapor at a temperature of ~800 °C, with a catalyst (cobalt nanoparticles) located on bulk silicon and quartz substrates.…”

Section: Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2018

IJPSR

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Bulk nanocomposites prepared from aqueous albumin dispersion with carbon nanotubes by removing the liquid component from the dispersion have been investigated. The composites were obtained by thermostating and exposure to LED and IR diode laser radiation. The nanocomposites obtained under laser irradiation retain their shape and properties for several years, in contrast to the composites fabricated in different ways (which decompose into small fragments immediately after preparation). The low density of the composites under study (~1200 kg/m 3 ), which is close to the density of water, is due to their high porosity. The hardness of stable nanocomposites (~300 MPa) was found to be at the same level as the hardness of polymethylmethacrylate, aluminium, and iron and close to the hardness of human bone tissue. The cluster quasi ordering of the inner structure of nanocomposites revealed by atomic force microscopy indicates the possibility of forming a bulk nanotube framework in them, which can be caused by the effect of the electric field of laser radiation and ensure their stability and hardness. The presence of a framework in nanocomposites provides conditions for self-assembly of biological tissues and makes it possible to apply laser-prepared nanocomposites as a component of surgical implants.

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Synthesis of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes from Plastic Waste Using a Stainless-Steel CVD Reactor as Catalyst

Cited by 45 publications

References 56 publications

CVD Synthesis of Solid, Hollow, and Nitrogen-Doped Hollow Carbon Spheres from Polypropylene Waste Materials

CVD Synthesis of Solid, Hollow, and Nitrogen-Doped Hollow Carbon Spheres from Polypropylene Waste Materials

Effect of Contact Plug Deposition Conditions on Junction Leakage and Contact Resistance in Multilevel CMOS Logic Interconnection Device

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