Synthesis of MSn(OH)6 (where M = Mg, Ca, Zn, Mn, or Cu) materials at room temperature

Abstract

Applying a metathesis approach (MCl 2 •xH 2 O+Na 2 SnO 3 •xH 2 O→MSn(OH) 6 +NaCl+xH 2 O), Schoenfliesite-type materials with general formula MSn(OH) 6 (where M=Ca, Cu, Mg, Mn or Zn) were synthesized at room-temperature. The high lattice-energy of the by-product alkali halide NaCl drives the reaction in the forward direction leading to the formation of the desired materials. The materials synthesized were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to elucidate structural and micro structural features.© Versita Warsaw and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Ordering Double Perovskite Hydroxides by Kinetically Controlled Aqueous Hydrolysis

“…Consistent with this suggestion, Kramer et al reported a tetragonal lattice for the CuSn(OH) 6 structure when produced from metathesis of Na 2 SnO 3 3 nH 2 O and CuCl 2 3 6H 2 O. 11 Reactions with zinc were unsuccessful because of the amphoteric nature of Zn (aq) 2þ which results in the formation of ZnO under kinetic control. 29 The formation of ordered BSn(OH) 6 compounds is favored by the kinetically limited and stepwise hydrolysis of [SnF 6 ] 2-, and its ability to interact with well-behaved partially hydrolyzed transition metal complexes.…”

“…[4][5][6] To overcome reaction activation energy barriers, typical preparation routes of these compounds rely on elevated temperatures [7][8][9] or solid-state metathesis driven by the high lattice energy of a byproduct (such as NaCl). 10,11 In this article, we identify the critical requirements for controlling the hydrolysis of dissimilar metal cations to yield such ordered perovskite hydroxides and why only certain transition metal ions can be incorporated into the lattice via low-temperature kinetic control of hydrolysis. The atomic positions of the successfully isolated compounds, MnSn(OH) 6 and CoSn(OH) 6 , are located using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction.…”

Single-crystalline ZnSn(OH)6 hollow cubes via self-templated synthesis at room temperature and their photocatalytic properties

“…22 In addition, ZHS thermal decomposition products also have important applications in gas sensors and Li-ion batteries. 23,24 Considering these wide applications, ZHS has been prepared via several different methods, for example, solid-state metathesis approaches, 16,25 solvothermal processes, 26 wet sonochemical methods, 27 and hydrothermal reactions. 28 With the methods mentioned above, the ZHS obtained was in the form of solid cubes and ZHS hollow structures and their photocatalytic activity was seldom reported.…”

Rational Design of Highly Efficient Perovskite Hydroxide for Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation

“…SCH nanocubes were synthesized by the solution-based metathesis of cobalt acetate and sodium stannate . The chemical reaction takes place as follows: Typically, 1.5 mM cobalt acetate salt was dissolved in 50 mL of distilled (DI) water and 2 mM sodium stannate.…”