Synthesis of Microporous Carbon Nanofibers and Nanotubes from Conjugated Polymer Network and Evaluation in Electrochemical Capacitor

Feng, Xinliang; Liang, Yanyu; Zhi, Linjie; Thomas, Arne; Wu, Dongqing; Lieberwirth, Ingo; Kolb, Ute; Müllen, Kläus

doi:10.1002/adfm.200900264

Cited by 173 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 40 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

118

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As an alternative, organic electrode materials have attracted more and more interest in recent years due to their low cost, high electrochemical performance, resource sustainability, environmental friendliness, structure diversity and exibility. [9][10][11] During the past decades, a large variety of organic electrode materials have been reported for capacitors 11,12 and rechargeable batteries, such as conjugated carboxylates, [13][14][15] conjugated polymers 16,17 and polynitroxide radicals, 18 demonstrating the potential of organic electrodes for the next generation of green, sustainable and versatile energy storage devices.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Conjugated microporous polymers with excellent electrochemical performance for lithium and sodium storage

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Conjugated microporous polymers, which exhibit high specific capacity, superior cycle stability and remarkable rate capability, are explored as high-performance electrode materials for lithium and sodium storage. Their excellent electrochemical performance can be attributed to their conductive frameworks, plentiful redox-active units, high specific surface area and homogeneous microporous structure.In an effort to address the energy crisis and environmental issues, clean and sustainable energy systems have been investigated, such as solar cells, fuel cells and rechargeable batteries. Currently, lithium ion batteries (LIBs) dominate the portable consumer electronic market due to their high energy density.

show abstract

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Conjugated microporous polymers with excellent electrochemical performance for lithium and sodium storage

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Porous, template-free COPs with uniform tube morphology have been used for device manufacturing [16] and catalysis, [17,18] but reports of the synthesis and application of this type of material remain scarce. Studies of covalent nanosheets are more prevalent, but, this type of material is obtained by either liquid phase exfoliation [19] or mechanical delamination, [20] and these two methods often result in low surface areas because the mechanical forces involved often cause pore blockage.…”

Section: Gobinda Dasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological Diversity in Nanoporous Covalent Organic Materials Derived from Viologen and Pyrene

Das¹,

Škorjanc²,

Sharma

et al. 2017

ChemNanoMat

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Adjustment of the morphology of covalent organic nanomaterials is a challenge but can be achieved by perturbing the planarity of the monomers used as core moieties in these polymers. Here we describe a templatefree Zincke reaction for the synthesis of covalent organic nanosheets (CONs) that stack several layers thick and of covalent organic tubes (COTs). Both materials contain the same viologen linker but different pyrene-based cores. Both polymeric materials are nanoporous, cationic, and highly stable in water, even in the presence of acid (1 M HCl) or base (1 M NaOH). Their porosity and ionic surfaces are responsible for high affinities and adsorption capacities for iodine vapor.Porous covalent organic polymers (COPs) are well known for their diverse applications in fields such as gas storage and separation, [1][2][3][4] catalysis, [5][6][7][8] sensing, [9,10] drug delivery, [11] and environmental remediation. [12] In order to design COPs with improved functionality, considerable research has been undertaken to understand the relationship between the morphologies and properties of these materials. [13][14][15] It has been observed that the morphology of COPs can be tuned by changing the symmetry of their constituent building blocks, but precise regulation of COP nanostructure remains a challenging task.Syntheses of covalent organic hollow tubes (COTs) and nanosheets (CONs) are of interest because their large surface areas facilitate the adsorption of small molecule guests. Porous, template-free COPs with uniform tube morphology have been used for device manufacturing [16] and catalysis, [17,18] but reports of the synthesis and application of this type of material remain scarce. Studies of covalent nanosheets are more prevalent, but, this type of material is obtained by either liquid phase exfoliation [19] or mechanical delamination, [20] and these two methods often result in low surface areas because the mechanical forces involved often cause pore blockage. In short, syntheses that rely on mechanical techniques for isolating nanosheets tend to be expensive and non-scalable and produce materials that have limited adsorption efficiency. Designing an efficient and green approach to the large-scale synthesis of porous CONs stacked several (or fewer) layers thick is an open challenge. [21] In general, porous COPs are synthesized from neutral building blocks, which limits the range of application for the materials. For example, neutral COPs are not optimal for the uptake of charged species, including toxic ionic guest molecules. To address this issue, we have begun to develop charged COPs that incorporate redox-active viologens and are capable of adsorbing iodine vapor, toxic dyes, and metal ions by anion exchange. [22,23] Despite their great potential, viologen-based COPs are still rarely documented in the literature, though Li et al. [24] have reported supramolecular organic frameworks (SOFs) that contain viologen struts and form in water.Herein, we report a one-pot, template-free solvothermal synthesis ...

show abstract

“…[84][85][86][87] Moreover, it has the advantage of easy scale-up to an industrial level. [88] The morphology, specific surface area, pore size distribution, and chemical performance of the as-prepared materials are intimately related to the precursor materials.…”

Section: Thermal Transformation Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroscopic‐Scale Three‐Dimensional Carbon Nanofiber Architectures for Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices

Chen

Feng

Liang

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

162

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Therefore, it is necessary to develop highperformance energy storage devices for facilitating the effective utilization of intermittent renewable energy sources. [7][8][9] Among varieties of electrochemical energy storage devices, supercapacitors (known as electrochemical capacitors) [10,11] and some rechargeable batteries (lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), lithiumsulfur (Li-S) batteries, and metal-O 2 batteries) [12][13][14][15] are at the frontier, because they can transport high power and store high energy. Nowadays, they play an indispensable role in our daily life by powering numerous portable electronic devices (e.g., cell phones and laptops), hybrid electric vehicles, and large-scale electrical grids. [16][17][18][19] It is well accepted that the performance of energy storage devices mainly depended on their electrode materials. [20,21] Owing to the advantages of large surface area, light weight, good electrical conductivity, and high thermal/ chemical stability, carbon materials have been considered as the most important electrode materials of supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries [8,20,21] Hence, various nanostructured carbons, such as carbon/graphene quantum dots, [22,23] carbon nanofiber (CNFs), [16,24] carbon nanotubes (CNTs), [13,25] graphene [26][27][28][29][30][31][32] carbon nanosheets, [33,34] 3D carbon nanostructures, [35][36][37] and porous carbon, [38,39] have gained great attention. Among these materials, 3D carbon nanomaterials have some advantages. The interlinked architecture not only shortens transport distances for ions in the well-interconnected wall structure, but also provides a continuous pathway endowing for the fast electron transport. [40] Moreover, the structural interconnectivities guarantee higher electrical conductivity and better mechanical stability. [36,41] Thereby, the design and fabrication of various 3D carbonbased nanostructures, including carbon nanotube networks, graphene gels, graphene foams, and 3D CNFs, have been intensively investigated.Over the past few years, there are many reviews summarizing the progress of fabricating 3D carbon-based nanomaterials. For example, Schneider et al. overviewed the recent advance in the synthesis of 3D arranged carbon nanotube architectures. [42] Li et al. reviewed the carbon-based 3D nanostructures for supercapacitors. [36] Cao and Gui et al. comprehensively reviewed the recent progress in synthesis, properties, and energy applications of CNT sponges, aerogels, and hierarchical composites. [43] The development of high-performance electrochemical energy storage devices is critical for addressing energy crises and environmental pollution.

show abstract

Synthesis of Microporous Carbon Nanofibers and Nanotubes from Conjugated Polymer Network and Evaluation in Electrochemical Capacitor

Cited by 173 publications

References 40 publications

Conjugated microporous polymers with excellent electrochemical performance for lithium and sodium storage

Conjugated microporous polymers with excellent electrochemical performance for lithium and sodium storage

Morphological Diversity in Nanoporous Covalent Organic Materials Derived from Viologen and Pyrene

Macroscopic‐Scale Three‐Dimensional Carbon Nanofiber Architectures for Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About