Synthesis of micro-FeTi powders by direct electrochemical reduction of ilmenite in CaCl2-NaCl molten salt

Development of the Fray-Farthing-Chen Cambridge Process: Towards the Sustainable Production of Titanium and Its Alloys

“…6,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] In the process, the preformed metal compound (e.g., pellet of TiO 2 ) is attached on a cathode which is then electrolysed against a suitable anode under a cell voltage that is high enough to ionise the oxygen in the metal compound without decomposing the electrolyte (e.g., molten CaCl 2 ). The FFC-Cambridge process can be represented by the following reactions where M represents a metal.…”

“…Moreover, titanium-rich slag, 43,65 synthetic and natural ilmenite ore, containing Fe, Si, Mg, Ca, Mn, and Al, 45,46,66 were also successfully reduced to ferrotitanium alloys. The supplementary Fig.…”

“…To address these issues, the FFC-Cambridge process has therefore been successfully employed to fabricate Ti-W alloys in one step. 34,35,81 Since its initial conception, the FFC-Cambridge process has been used to fabricate numerous titanium alloys, such as Ti-6Al-4V, 36 Ni-35Ti-15Hf, 37 Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al, 20,38 Ti-W 34,35,81 Ti-Ni, 6,[39][40][41] TiFe, [42][43][44][45][46] and Ti-Mo. 20,47 It was also noted that the a-and b-phases in the Ti-Zr alloys could be easily tuned by controlling the electrolysis duration, which adjusts the oxygen content in the Ti-Zr alloys.…”

Low Temperature Chemical Synthesis of Intermetallic TiFe Nanoparticles for Hydrogen Absorption

“…This method allows the direct preparation of nanostructured TiFe from oxide precursors, such as titanium ore (ilmenite), TiO 2 , and Fe 2 O 3 , by passing an electrical current in molten salts. Hua et al conducted the synthesis at 700 °C by using mixed molten salts (CaCl 2 -NaCl) instead of pure CaCl 2 [15][16][17][18] , which successfully generated ne and homogeneous microstructures of pure TiFe with a particle size of 2-8 µm. However, at 600 °C, the titanium oxide reduction was incomplete, causing impurities, such as Here, intermetallic TiFe nanoparticles were prepared by a chemical method using inexpensive Fe(NO 3 ) 2…”

Electrochemical synthesis of composite compounds

“…These kinds of composites can be prepared in various ways, e.g. with electrochemical synthesis from compounds containing Al, Mn, high-melting and rare metals (Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Mo, W) [1][2] or with high temperature (873K to 1173 K) diffusion (surface) alloying of base metals when the properties of the base metal (steel) is mainly determined by the surface composition instead of the volumetric one. Plasma chemical deposition, hightemperature self-propagating, and other methods have already been used to impart the useful properties to base metals and to save the scarce, expensive alloying metals.…”