Synthesis of Methanol from Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen<sup>1</sup>

Lewis, W. K.; Frolich, Per K.

doi:10.1021/ie50219a021

Cited by 27 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…(1) or (2)] is exothermic and involves a decrease in the number of moles, so according to Le Chatelier's principle, the maximum conversion is obtained at low temperature and high pressure, as illustrated in Fig. Inert compounds, such as CH 4 , N 2 and Ar, obviously lower the conversion but even in an inert-free stoichiometric feed gas with the so-called modulus: The synthesis gas composition also determines the maximum achievable conversion.…”

Section: Thermodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cu, Ag and Au catalysts supported on ZnO/ZrO 2 were compared [103]. It seems established that the active phase in these systems is Ni(CO) 4 , no matter which nickel compound one begins with. The activities of the gold and silver catalysts were comparable but much lower than for the copper catalyst.…”

Section: Other Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much more active copper-based catalysts were studied and described in the 1920s and 1930s [4][5][6][7][8][9]. These early studies identified copper as a very active metal * Corresponding author.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methanol Synthesis

Hansen¹,

Nielsen²

2008

Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis

133

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The sections in this article are Introduction Thermodynamics Methanol Synthesis Catalysts Introduction Zn O / Cr 2 O 3 Catalyst Copper‐Based Catalysts Cu / Zn O + Element ( Al , Cr , … ) Promotion of Cu / Zn O / MOx Catalysts Cu / Zr O 2 Other Cu , Cu / Me , Cu / Me Ox Catalysts Pd ‐Based Catalysts Sulfide Catalysts Other Catalysts Activation of Cu / Zn Catalyst Activity as a Function of the Nature of Copper‐Based Catalysts Catalyst Deactivation Sintering Sulfur Poisoning Other Poisons By‐Product Formation Reaction Mechanism(s) and Active Sites Cu + in a Zn O Matrix as the Active Center The S chottky Junction Theory Partly Oxidized Copper Independent of Support as Active Sites Metallic Copper in Dynamic Interaction with the Support Cu –Zinc Surface Alloy Model Water Gas Shift Reaction Kinetics Reaction Rate Equations Diffusion Restrictions Kinetics in Slurry Phase Methanol Synthesis Methanol Synthesis Technology Synthesis Gas Preparation Natural Gas Reforming Adiabatic Pre‐Reforming Tubular, Fired Reforming Autothermal Reforming and Oxygen‐Fired Secondary Reforming Gasification of Heavy Oil, Coal or Biomass Coproduction in Ammonia Plants and Use of Off‐gases Economics of Synthesis Gas Preparation Reactor Systems and Synthesis Loop Layout Slurry Phase Reactor Types Methanol Purification Concepts Circumventing the Equilibrium Limitations Other Methanol Synthesis Routes and Technologies Methanol Synthesis by Methane Activation Conclusion

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Section: Thermodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Other Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Methanol Synthesis

Hansen¹,

Nielsen²

2008

Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis

133

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“…Moreover, the catalysts containing higher percentages of zinc appear to be less stable toward high temperatures. This is very likely due to sintering, since equilibrium was certainly not established, as will be seen from the increasing yields at higher temperatures shown by a catalyst containing 75 per cent zinc, as well as from the results of previous publications (13).…”

Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Catalysts for the Formation of Alcohols from carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen

Cryder¹,

Frolich²

1929

Ind. Eng. Chem.

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Experiments on the decomposition of methanol in the presence of catalysts composed of the oxides of zinc and chromium show that an excess of chromium oxide gives rise to reactions producing appreciable amounts of carbon dioxide and unsaturated hydrocarbons. With catalysts containing excess zinc oxide the main products are carbon monoxide and hydrogen, a sharp maximum in activity occurring at a catalyst composition of about Zn7SCr22. The relatively constant percentage of formaldehyde indicates its intermediate formation in the decomposition of methanol.Using the same catalysts for the reverse reaction, it is found that the production of methanol from carbon mon-A PREVIOUS paper from this laboratory (7) dealt with the atmospheric decomposition of methanol by catalysts composed of zinc and copper. The results

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“…Therefore, a further study on CO2 reduction to CO on PdBDD electrode was carried out, specifically on electrolyte dependence study, that is believed to promote more active catalytic reaction. As a significance, CO is an important feedstock and intermediate for the production of methanol [15] , acetic acid [16] , and ethanol [17,18] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%