Synthesis of methacryloyloxyethyl phosphate copolymers and in vitro calcification capacity

SPR Imaging Label-Free Control of Biomineral Nucleation!?

“…Both are based on the natural mineral constituents and composition of human plasma (as shown in table 1) and are referred as Synthetic Body Fluid (SBF) and SBF 1.5x according to their composition: SBF has very similar composition as the human plasma while SBF 1.5x is 1.5 folds more concentrated; the latter is used in order to elicit an accelerated response only for the materials/surfaces proved to induce mineralization when exposed to SBF. Preparing SBF is based on the procedure set-up by Prof. Kokubo (Kokubo et al, 1990) and later used by our group (Stancu et al, 2004 Table 1. Ionic concentration of the mother liquors used in the study (Kokubo et al, 1990;Stancu et al, 2004); the composition of human plasma (Tsuru et al, 2001;Jaakkola et al, 2004) is indicated as control.…”

“…Preparing SBF is based on the procedure set-up by Prof. Kokubo (Kokubo et al, 1990) and later used by our group (Stancu et al, 2004 Table 1. Ionic concentration of the mother liquors used in the study (Kokubo et al, 1990;Stancu et al, 2004); the composition of human plasma (Tsuru et al, 2001;Jaakkola et al, 2004) is indicated as control.…”

“…One of the most exciting and researched class of biomaterials for bone repair and regeneration is represented by polymer materials supporting or even better, enhancing mineral phase formation (Kamei et al, 1997;Shin et al, 2003;Stancu et al, 2004). The main advantage of these materials over classical bone fillers consists in their in situ transformation in polymer-hydroxyapatite composites, similar to natural bone.…”

“…Mineralization to occur needs nucleation to be induced by a perturbation like the ions' capturing by special molecules/species. Based on the observation that natural phosphate-containing proteins are actively involved in naturally occurring mineralization and due to their calcium affinity, phosphatecontaining polymers have been studied with respect to hydroxyapatite formation in physiological fluids (Stancu et al, 2004;Swart et al, 1976). The literature also presents the carboxylic functionalities from bone proteins (e.g.…”

“…To resume, negatively charged groups seem to elicit hydroxyapatite nucleation and growth through calcium capturing from body fluids (Vijayasekaran et al, 2000). Another important aspect deciding on the mineralization occurrence concerns the importance of the distribution and of the density of the negative groups inside/outside the support (Stancu et al, 2004). Recently, starting from the idea that a defined chemical functionality could decide on the nucleation and on the mineral crystals' growth, dendrimers have been investigated as leading to mineral embedding the support materials, with predefined shape and properties (Donners et al, 2003).…”