Three different modification (doping, solvent free, and impregnation) methods were used to obtain a series of mesoporous Cu-TiO 2 materials with various copper loading amounts (0 to 15 mol %). The influence of the modification procedure on the physico-chemical properties was characterized by PXRD, N 2 sorption, SEM, EDX elemental mapping, and XPS techniques. The presence of copper species have been detected either in the TiO 2 lattice as Cu + (via doping methods) or on the surface of TiO 2 as CuO species (via solvent free and impregnation methods). With the modification of Cu, the surface area of mesoporous Cu-TiO 2 materials can be increased up to 128 m 2 /g. The catalytic activities of Cu-TiO 2 materials were investigated using the alkyne-alkyne homocoupling reaction with air as the sole oxidant under mild reaction conditions without any additives. The doped Cu-TiO 2 materials show the highest catalytic activity (1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiyne yields > 99%). The different catalytic mechanisms, active sites, and structure-property relationships of all the catalysts are discussed. Definitive features affecting the catalytic performance of the obtained Cu-TiO 2 materials are the loading amounts and the states of Cu, surface area, and pore size distributions. Reusability tests were conducted on the collected sample without washing, and 74% yield was achieved even after three cycles.