Synthesis of magnetite nanorods and porous hematite nanorods

Lian, Suoyuan; Wang, Enbo; Kang, Zhenhui; Bai, Yunpeng; Gao, Lei; Jiang, Min; Hu, Changwen; Xu, Lin

doi:10.1016/j.ssc.2003.11.043

Cited by 223 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…Specifically, the γ-FeOOH material has been previously assigned in the reported XRD pattern of a complex Fe 3 O 4 /Fe 2 O 3 /FeCO 3 /FeOOH material [66]. The indicated low intensity diffraction signals of our synthetic nanoparticle are consistent with lepidocrocite, γ-FeOOH, a polymorphous modification of iron hydroxide [67].…”

Section: Fesupporting

confidence: 74%

Importance of the Inter-Electrode Distance for the Electrochemical Synthesis of Magnetite Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, Computational Modelling, and Cytotoxicity

Taimoory

Trant

Rahdar

et al. 2017

e-J. Surf. Sci. Nanotech.

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Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles, are promising inorganic nanomaterials for future biomedical applications due to their low toxicity and unique magnetic properties. However, the synthesis of these particles can often be expensive, energy intensive, and non-scalable, requiring the addition of surfactants to stabilize the material to control the particle size and avoid agglomeration. We wish to report a simple, green, surfactant-free electrochemical synthesis of these materials using a closed aqueous system at ambient temperature. Particle diameter, between 19 and 33 nm, was controlled by simply modifying the distance between the electrodes. These magnetite nanoparticles were then fully characterized using both spectroscopy and microscopy. Vibrational magnetometry indicates that as the size of the particle decreases, the magnetic hysteretic gap decreases, although for samples below 25 nm no inter-sample difference was observed. To support this experimental data, we carried out a Density Functional Theory (DFT) analysis of magnetite containing more than three iron atoms in the cluster, an essential proposition as magnetite contains three distinct iron species. These calculations were used to support the experimental observations, and closely reproduced both the experimental IR spectrum, and the XRD pattern. In vitro cytotoxicity assays showed dose responsive behavior for the nanoparticles, and demonstrated that they are non-toxic at clinically relevant concentrations; below 200 µg/mL we observed no toxicity in a 48-hour standard assay. This work represents the first DFT based simulation of this detailed magnetite cluster, and demonstrates that this sustainable synthetic method is capable of producing nanomaterials with a physical and biological profile that might make them suitable for biomedical applications.

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Section: Fesupporting

confidence: 74%

Importance of the Inter-Electrode Distance for the Electrochemical Synthesis of Magnetite Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, Computational Modelling, and Cytotoxicity

Taimoory

Trant

Rahdar

et al. 2017

e-J. Surf. Sci. Nanotech.

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“…The peak positions and relative intensities of the XRD patterns can be seen at 2θ = 30.08°, 35.42°, 43.06°, 56.94°, 62.52° and 74.96°, which are the reflection peaks from the (220), (311), (400), (511), (440) and (533) lattice planes. These iron oxide particle XRD patterns are in good agreement with the standard magnetite particle XRD patterns [18,[21][22][23][24][25]. At these conditions, the magnetite particles are generated by the following reactions: ferric hydroxide (Fe(OH) 3 ) is transformed to ferrous hydroxide (Fe(OH) 2 ) grows on goethite (FeOOH).…”

supporting

confidence: 81%

“…At these conditions, the magnetite particles are generated by the following reactions: ferric hydroxide (Fe(OH) 3 ) is transformed to ferrous hydroxide (Fe(OH) 2 ) grows on goethite (FeOOH). Then, the complex of ferrous hydroxide-goethite is converted into magnetite [21]. Lian, et al [21] describe in detail that ammonia reacts with water to generate OH radicals at first, which results in a uniform increase of the solution's pH value until the solubility limit.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, the complex of ferrous hydroxide-goethite is converted into magnetite [21]. Lian, et al [21] describe in detail that ammonia reacts with water to generate OH radicals at first, which results in a uniform increase of the solution's pH value until the solubility limit. Next, since the solubility product of ferric hydroxide is much lower than that of ferrous hydroxide, with the increase of the pH value, the ferric hydroxide is first precipitated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of Polyhedral Magnetite Particles by Hydrothermal Process under High Pressure Condition

Machmudah

Wahyudiono

Kanda

et al. 2016

J. Eng. Technol. Sci.

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Abstract. Magnetite particles were successfully generated by hydrothermal synthesis using water at subcritical conditions. By changing the temperature and pressure at subcritical water conditions, the thermodynamics and transport properties of the water can be controlled, thus enabling to manage the way of crystal formation, morphology, and particle size. In this work, the experiments were carried out at temperatures of 250 °C and 290 °C and a pressure of 10 MPa with a reactor made of SUS 316 in a batch system. The synthesized particles were dried in vacuum condition and characterized by SEM and XRD. The XRD patterns showed that magnetite particles were dominantly formed in the particle products with a black color. The results showed that the magnetite particles formed had diameters of around 60 nm in all experiments with irregular polyhedral shaped morphologies.

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“…In widely used coprecipitation methods, hydroxides of ferrous and ferric ions, ferrous hydroxide (Fe(OH) 2 ) and goethite (-FeOOH), are coprecipitated as precursors in an alkaline solution at relatively low temperature. The molar ratio of ferrous ion to ferric ion is 0.5, corresponding to the chemical stoichiometric ratio of Fe 3 O 4 formation reaction [4]. Then the solid phase reaction between the hydroxides results in the formation of Fe 3 O 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size control of magnetite nanoparticles by organic solvent-free chemical coprecipitation at room temperature

Iwasaki¹,

Mizutani²,

Watano³

et al. 2010

Journal of Experimental Nanoscience

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This study provides a facile single-step coprecipitation method for preparing size-controlled high crystalline magnetite nanoparticles in water system without using any organic solvents. In this method, an iron ions solution and an alkaline solution are simply mixed at room temperature without using any additional heating treatment. The size of obtained magnetite nanoparticles greatly depended on the coexisting anionic species in the starting solution because the coexisting anions greatly influenced both the formation of crystal nuclei and the dispersion stabilisation of formed precipitates. The size control of magnetite nanoparticles having high crystallinity and ferromagnetic property could be successfully achieved by using the effects of coexisting anions. For synthesising finer magnetite nanoparticles, the presence of lactate ion in the starting solution was effective, and coarser ones could be synthesised under higher ferrous/ferric ions molar ratios.

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Synthesis of magnetite nanorods and porous hematite nanorods

Cited by 223 publications

References 22 publications

Importance of the Inter-Electrode Distance for the Electrochemical Synthesis of Magnetite Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, Computational Modelling, and Cytotoxicity

Importance of the Inter-Electrode Distance for the Electrochemical Synthesis of Magnetite Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, Computational Modelling, and Cytotoxicity

Synthesis of Polyhedral Magnetite Particles by Hydrothermal Process under High Pressure Condition

Size control of magnetite nanoparticles by organic solvent-free chemical coprecipitation at room temperature

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